On this day in the year 1413 of the common era (CE), Henry of Monmouth the prince of Wales, becomes king Henry V of England and France. Upon his invasion of France, at the battle of Harfleur, his army used gunpowder for the first time in a European engagement. He famously defeated the entire French host at the battle of Agincourt shortly thereafter, and was subsequently crowned by the former king himself, he married the former king’s daughter, had the former crown prince of publicly executed. After all-of-that, Henry died of dysentery while besieging a Burgundian castle of renegades and holdouts, leaving his infant child on the throne and precipitating the Hundred Years War; one hundred and ninety-seven years later, king James I of England and the sixth king James of Scotland addresses the English House of Commons. Seventy-eight years after that, in 1681 CE, the third “Exclusion Parliament” meets in Oxford; it is the last time Parliament meets outside Westminster. One hundred and seven years after that, in 1788 CE, Olaudah Equiano (also known as Gustavus Vassa), a freed slave, petitions king George III of England and queen Charlotte to free the enslaved Africans being held in bonds in the Colonies…and in all places where the crown holds sway; thirty-three years, the merger of the Hudson Bay Company and the North West Company creates a monopoly on the fur trade in British North America.
On this day in the year 1791 CE, Captain Hopley Yeaton becomes the first commissioned officer in the Revenue Marine, later the Revenue Cutter Service, which was the forerunner of the modern United States (U.S.) Coast Guard.
On this day in 1804 CE the Napoleonic Code is adopted in France, stressing the need for clearly written and accessible laws to govern the republic of France. 1899 British & French accord over West Africa.
In 1844 CE the Baha'i Era-Baha'i calendar begins (Baha 1, 1); this is also the day originally predicted by William Miller of Massachusetts for the return of Christ and the end of the world; his movement was known as Millerism, and it gave rise to various other Adventist groups including the well-known Seventh Day Adventists. Eighty-one years after that, in 1925 CE, Persia adopts Khorshidi solar Hijri calendar; ten years later Persia is officially renamed Iran.
In 1859 CE the Scottish National Gallery opens in Edinburgh, Scotland; on this same day the Zoological Society of Philadelphia is incorporated in the United States.
In 1871 CE, Otto von Bismarck elevated to rank of fürst (prince), and the long shadow of German darkness that afflicted the world at the end of the nineteenth through the middle of the twentieth century begin to spread its malign influence over the world…with deadly consequences still reverberating throughout the global-community today.
In 1907 CE the United States sends troops to Honduras to halt the Nicaraguan army from taking over the country; thirty years later, in an event known as the Ponce massacre, police kill nineteen people attending a Puerto Rican Nationalist parade.
In 1909 CE Moran & MacFarland, competing for the United States in Germany, win Europe's first, six-day bicycle race.
In 1917 CE, Loretta Walsh becomes U.S. Navy's first female Petty Officer.
In 1923 CE the U.S. foreign minister Charles Hughes refuses to recognize the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (U.S.S.R.).
In 1924 CE, Mass Investors Trust becomes the first mutual fund set up in the United States.
In 1925 CE, Tennessee governor Austin Peay passes the "Butler Act," making Tennessee the first state to outlaw teaching evolutionary biology…this misguided legislation was repealed in 1967.
In 1933 CE Nazi Germany celebrates the Day of Potsdam, a ceremony to open the new Reichstag after the fire they themselves set in a false flag operation the previous February; Adolf Hitler and Paul von Hindenburg shake hands in public, lending legitimacy to the terrorist reich; six years later, Nazi Germany demands the return of Gdańsk from Poland. Four years after that, in 1943 CE, an assassination attempt on Adolf Hitler fails and he would go on to wreak further Havoc on the world, killing millions more people, and further obliterating the flower of his own country’s youth; two years later, the first Japanese pilots, dubbed Kkamikaze’s (meaning the divine wind) or "flying bombs" by the American Navy, attack the U.S. fleet at Okinawa. On this same day in 1945 CE, allied bombers begin a four day raid over Germany, while a Dutch resistance fighter named Hannie Schaft is arrested by Nazi police.
In 1946 CE the United Nations (U.N.) set up temporary headquarters at Hunter (now Lehman) College in the Bronx; one year later, U.S. president Harry Truman signs Executive Order 9835 requiring all federal employees to have "complete and unswerving loyalty to the United States…" not to him personally, but to the United States of America, the Constitution and the American People. Six years after that, in 1951 CE, there are 2,900,000 U.S. soldiers in Korea in support of the U.N. police action there (the Korean War); four years later Archbishop Makarios of Cyprus advocates for Cyprus to join Greece; seventeen years later, the Portuguese socialist Mário Soares is banished to Sao Tomé after having been arrested by secret police under dictator António de Oliveira Salazar. Twenty-six years after that, in 1994 CE, the U.N. Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) enters into force after being ratified by the required number of nations; twenty years later, the Russian Federation formally annexes Crimea amid international condemnation.
In 1952 CE, twenty-thousand people attempt to attend the first-ever Rock & Roll concert when Alan Freed presents "The Moondog Coronation Ball" at the old, twelve-thousand seat Cleveland Arena. The performers include Paul Williams and the Hucklebuckers, Tiny Grimes and the Rocking Highlanders, The Dominoes and Varetta Dillard.
In 1955 CE the editorial staff of the Brooklyn Bulletin ask Dodger’s fans not to call their team "Bums;" thirteen years later, the "Royals" is the chosen name of new Kansas City American League franchise. Ten years after that, in 1978 CE Padres fire Al Dark, who becomes only the second manager fired during spring training; forty-one years later, baseball right fielder Ichiro Suzuki finishes his Major League career as the Seattle Mariners beat the Oakland A's, 5-4 in Tokyo, Japan. Four years after that, in 2023 CE, at the fifth World Baseball Classic, Japan wins for their third time, with a 3-2 victory over the United States at LoanDepot Park in Miami, Florida.
In 1958 CE, Dr. Ernest Lawrence, nuclear scientist and Nobel Laureate, receives the first West Point Sylvanus Thayer Award, for an outstanding US citizen whose service in the national interest exemplifies devotion to ideals of the West Point motto: "Duty, Honor, Country;" also on this day, the U.S.S.R. performs atmospheric nuclear test. Eleven years after that the U.S. performs nuclear test at Nevada Test Site.
In 1962 CE the Roman Catholic bishop of Thasus, and Hertogenbosch (Bois-le-Duc) in the Netherlands, Wilhelmus Marinus Beckers declares himself in favor of birth control; on this same day, “Yogi the Bear” becomes the first creature ejected at supersonic speeds by the U.S. military during field tests of ejection seats…he survived the ordeal, but not the research that followed.
In 1963 CE the Alcatraz Federal Penitentiary in San Francisco Bay is closed.
In 1964 CE the Beatles' single, She Loves You goes to number one in the United States and stays there for two weeks; twenty years later, part of Central Park in New York City is named "Strawberry Fields" in honor of John Lennon.
In 1965 CE, the reverend doctor Martin Luther King Jr. begins the march from Selma to Montgomery, Alabama; seven years later, the U.S. Supreme Court rules that States cannot have a one year residency requirement to vote.
In 1965 CE the U.S. Ranger 9 is launched; it takes 5,814 leading up to its lunar impact; thirty-four years later Swiss aviator Bertrand Piccard and British aviator Brian Jones become the first to circumnavigate the Earth in a hot air balloon. Fourteen after that, in 2013 CE, European Space Agency reveals new data indicating that the universe is 13.82 billion years old…as far as they can see.
1973 White House Counsel John Dean tells US President Richard Nixon, "There is a cancer growing on the Presidency"
In 1975 CE, Ethiopia abolishes its monarchy after more than three thousand years…there were kings and queens in Ethiopia before Perseus and Danae were cast into the seas of Argos, Perseus freed Andromeda, the princess of Ethiopia from Kraken, he married her and their progeny founded empires, whose heirs set them among the stars.
In 1978 CE the city of San Francisco, California passes the most comprehensive homosexual rights bill in U.S. history.
In 1980 CE, the season finale of the Television show Dallas, ends in a dramatic cliffhanger when the villain J.R. Ewing is shot by unknown assailant.
In 1984 CE a Soviet submarine crashes into U.S. aircraft carrier, the Kitty Hawk off the coast of Japan; in 1991 CE, twenty-seven crew members are lost at sea when two U.S. Navy anti-submarine planes collide while on maneuvers
In 1990 CE, Normal Life starring Max Gail, Moon Unit and Dweezil Zappa premieres on CBS-TV; sixteen years later, the first ever “tweet” is sent out by Twitter founder Jack Dorsey: "just setting up my twttr…" Twelve years after that, in 2018 CE, China announces greater controls over the media, including merging state-run radio and television broadcasters into a single conglomerate called “Voice of China;” on this same day, Facebook's Mark Zuckerberg admits they "made mistakes" after data on fifty-million users is harvested by Cambridge Analytica. Six years after that, in 2024 CE, Elon Musk's Neuralink company posts a video of a patient playing chess online using a brain implant; on this same day, the Social media company Reddit makes it's debut on the New York Stock Exchange, with shares rising forty-eight percent.
In 1993 CE, pope John Paul II beatifies Duns Scotus, a philosopher-theologian of the Middle Ages.
In 2020 CE, Italy records record daily death toll of seven hundred and ninety-three for COVID-19, as the worldwide death tolls surpasses twelve thousand with two hundred and ninety-nine thousand known infections.
In 2023 CE the Ugandan government passes an Anti-Homosexuality Bill, that includes punishment of ten years in prison for publicly identifying as LGBTQ+.
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