On this day in the year 1763 of the common era (CE) the first major slave rebellion in South America, the Berbice Uprising, begins in the Dutch colony of Bernice (modern Guyana) and lasts until December. It is seen as a major event in Guyana's anti-colonial struggles, with leaders including Coffij considered a national hero, when Guyana became a republic in 1970 the state declared February 23rd as a day to commemorate the revolt.
On this day in the year 1782 CE, engineer James Watt's patent is granted for his “sun and planet,” rotary-motion gear, as an application to the steam engine for the steam engine; one hundred and one years later the process for manufacturing aluminum is developed. Fifty-eight years after that, at the University of Berkley in California chemist, Glenn T. Seaborg Plutonium is first produced and isolated by American at Berkeley
On this day in 1821 CE the College of Apothecaries is organized in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; it is the first pharmacy college in the United States; sixty-two years later, the American Anti-Vivisection Society organized, also in Philadelphia. Nine years after that, the Tootsie Roll is introduced to the global marketplace by Leo Hirshfield.
In 1822 CE Boston is incorporated, receiving the first city charter in Massachusetts; fourteen years later, the Mexican Army lays siege to the Alamo, in San Antonio, Texas. It continues until March 6th, under the authority of general Santa Anna; the entire garrison is eventually killed.
In 1883 CE the state of Alabama becomes the first in the United States to enact an antitrust law. Forty-four years later, Unites States president Calvin Coolidge creates the Federal Radio Commission (FRC).
In 1921 CE the first United States Postal Service (U.S.P.S.) transcontinental airmail flight arrives in New York, New York, from San Francisco, California; fifteen years later, the first U.S.P.S. airmail-rocket-flight in Greenwood Lake, New York.
In 1945 CE the United States Marines raise the flag of the United States on top of Mt. Suribachi, Iwo Jima; nine years later the first mass inoculation against polio is performed with the Jonas Salk vaccine, it takes place at Arsenal Elementary School in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. Sixteen years after that, the eucharist given by women for the first time in during mass in a Roman Catholic church.
In 1973 CE the price of gold goes up ten dollars overnight, reaching a record ninety-five dollars per ounce in the markets at London, England; today the price of gold closed at $5,249.70/ounce.
In 1976 CE the final meeting takes place in Beijing, China between Mao Zedong, chairman of Chinese Communist Party, and United States president Richard Nixon; fifteen years later United States president George H. W. Bush (former ambassador to China under Richard Nixon) gives Saddam Hussein, president of Iraq, a twenty-four hour deadline to withdraw from Kuwait or face a ground war from a multi-national force and led by the United States. Seven years after that Osama bin Laden publishes a fatwa, declaring jihad against all Jews and Euro-American Crusaders.
In 1980 CE, France performs nuclear test at Mururoa Atoll.
In 1987 CE, the first supernova to be seen with the naked-eye since the year 1604 CE is witnessed and designated: SN 1987A in the Large Magellanic Cloud.
In 1995 CE the Dow Jones Industrial Average closes above 4,000 (4,003.33) for the first time; today the DOW closed at 48,804.06.
In 2002 CE the Sky Disc of Nebra, at three thousand six hundred years old, the world's oldest map of the stars is recovered in police sting operation in Basal, Switzerland after being illegally excavated in Germany; nineteen years later the discovery of oldest the oldest Australian rock art is made, dating to about the year fifteen thousand, three hundred before the common era. It is a painting of a kangaroo found in the Kimberley region of Western Australia and published in: Nature Human Behaviour.
