On this day in the year 141 of the common era (CE) the 6th recorded perihelion passage of Halley's Comet is made.
On this day in the year 1345 CE, it is determined by a bunch of leading nincompoops at the University of Paris, that the conjunction of Mars, Jupiter and Saturn, was the "cause of the plague epidemic" known as the Black Death; the actual cause was the bacterium yersinia pestis, spread by fleas, carried by rats and other animals; one hundred and sixty-five years later, the Holy Roman emperor, Charles V, orders all Lutheran books in the Low Countries to be "reduced to ash." Twenty-five years after that, in 1525 CE, the Parliament of Paris begins persecuting protestants; seventy-five years later, the Linköping Bloodbath takes place on Maundy Thursday in Linköping, Sweden; three hundred and ninety-five years after that, in 1995 CE, members of the Japanese cult Aum Shinrikyo release sarin gas on three lines of the Tokyo subway, killing thirteen people, injuring over one thousand; five years later, pope John Paul II visits the “Holy Land:” Jordan, Israel and Palestine.
On this day in 1598 CE the governor of Brittany, Philippe Emmanuel the Duke of Mercœur submits to the French king Henry IV at Angers; four years later, the United Dutch East Indian Company (VOC) is formed and granted a monopoly on all Dutch sea-borne trade with Asia. Fourteen years after that, in 1616 CE, Walter Raleigh is released from the Tower of London and given to seek gold in Guiana; one hundred and twenty-three years later, the Iranian ruler Nadir Shah occupies Delhi in India, his forces sack the city, and he takes away the jewels of the Peacock Throne. Seventy-two years after that, in 1814 CE, prince Willem Frederik becomes monarch of Netherlands; one year later Napoleon Bonaparte enters Paris after his escape from Elba and begins his one-hundred-day rule. Sixty-eight years after that, in 1883 CE, the Unity treaty of Paris is signed, protecting industrial property.
In 1773 CE the Sons of Liberty protesters throw tea shipments into Boston Harbor to protest the British-imposed Tea Act, escalating the grievance of the American colonists over the issue of taxation without representation.
In 1800 CE, Alessandro Volta reports his discovery of the electric battery in a letter to Joseph Banks, president of the Royal Society of London; eighty-three years later, Jan Matzeliger receives his first patent (number 274,207) for a shoe lasting machine, which mechanized shoe production.
In 1816 CE the United States (U.S.) Supreme Court affirms its right to review state court decisions; one hundred and fifty-two years later, U.S. president Lydon B. Johnson signs a bill removing gold backing from paper currency…opening the spigot on an endless cycle of debt. Sixteen years after that, in 1984 CE, U.S. Senate rejects amendment to permit spoken prayer in public schools.
In 1852 CE, Harriet Beecher Stowe's anti-slavery novel Uncle Tom's Cabin, is published in Boston; two years later, anti-slavery activists within the U.S. Whig political party, opposed to the Kansas-Nebraska Act, form a new Republican Party in Ripon, Wisconsin; notable politicians who switched allegiance include Abraham Lincoln, Rutherford B. Hayes, Chester A. Arthur, and Benjamin Harrison.
In 1854 CE, the Boston Public Library opens in Boston, Massachusetts, it is the first-large, free municipal library in the United States; thirty-four years later, the Jesse James Gang robs a bank in Russellville, Kentucky, stealing fourteen thousand dollars. Twenty-two years after that, in 1890 CE, the General Federation of Women's Clubs is founded in the United States; seven years later, the first Orthodox Jewish Rabbinical seminary (RIETS) in the United States, incorporates in New York. Fourteen years after that, in 1911 CE, and also in New York, the National Squash Tennis Association forms; forty-three years later, the first newspaper vending machine is used in Columbia, Pennsylvania. Eleven years after that, in 1965 CE, civil and women's rights activist, Dorothy Height has her first column published in the weekly African-American newspaper called the New York Amsterdam News; eleven years later, American publishing heiress, Patty Hearst, is convicted of armed robbery for her part in a 1974 California heist. Forty-three years after that, in 2019 CE, the Walt Disney Company acquires Rupert Murdoch's 21st Century Fox for seventy-one billion dollars.
In 1861 CE, an earthquake completely destroys Mendoza, Argentina.
In 1886 CE, the first AC power plant in the U.S. begins commercial operation in Massachusetts.
In 1888 CE the premiere of the very first Romani language operetta is staged in Moscow, Russia; sixty years later, the first live-televised symphony performances take place, Eugene Ormandy leads Philadelphia Orchestra on CBS, followed 90 minutes later by Arturo Toscanini leading the NBC Orchestra on NBC. Thirty-four years after that, in 1982 CE, Joan Jett & Blackhearts' single, I Love Rock 'n' Roll, goes to number one and stays there for seven weeks; thirteen years later, the Beatles release the single, a cover of the Shirelles song, Baby It's You (written by Burt Bacharach and Mack David), with the late John Lennon as lead singer…it is the first Fab-Four single released in ten years.
In 1896 CE the U.S. Marines land in Nicaragua, ostensibly for the protection U.S. citizens; eighty-four years later, in 1980 CE, the United States appeals to the International Court for help with the American hostages being held in Iran. Twenty-three years after that, in 2003 CE, a U.S. led coalition launches a ground invasion of Iraq after an ultimatum for Saddam Hussein and his sons to leave Iraq expires.
In 1917 CE, after the sinking of three (more) American merchant ships, U.S. president Woodrow Wilson meets with cabinet, who agree that war with Germany is inevitable.
In 1920 CE the flight from London to South Africa lands…the flight took six weeks; two years later, the United States Ship Langley, is commissioned, it is the U.S. Navy's first aircraft carrier. Two years after that, in 1924 CE, Finnair begins scheduled flights between Helsinki and Tallinn; forty years later, the European Space Research Organization (ESRO) is established.
In 1923 CE the Bavarian minister of interior refuses to forbid Nazi Sturm Abteilung…it was a mistake; on this same day, the Belgian Senate rejects the Dutch University in Ghent. Eight years after that, in 1931 CE, Bishop Schreiber warns against national-socialism in Berlin; three years later, Rudolf Kuhnold demonstrates radar in Kiel, Germany. Seven years after that, in 1941 CE, an exhibition of "Planning and Construction in the East" opens in Berlin to showcase the “Generalplan Ost” (plan for the East), the expansion of German rural settlements after the planned deportation of millions of Slavs; also on this day, the Nazi German-Yugoslav pact drawn.
In 1930 CE the American fast food restaurant chain Kentucky Fried Chicken (KFC) is founded as Sanders Court & Café by Colonel Harland Sanders in North Corbin, Kentucky; eighty-three years later; marks the first celebration of the International Day of Happiness.
In 1934 CE the American all-round female super athlete Babe Didrikson Zaharias pitches a hitless inning for Philadelphia A's in their exhibition pre-season baseball game against Brooklyn Dodgers; thirty-seven years later, the Pittsburgh Pirates right fielder Roberto Clemente is elected to Baseball's Hall of Fame 11 weeks after his death in a plane crash. Eighteen years after that, in 1989 CE, Major League Baseball (MLB) announces that Cincinnati Reds manager Pete Rose is under investigation; seventeen years later, Japan wins the Inaugural World Baseball Classic, 10-6 over Cuba, at Petco Park in San Diego, California.
In 1942 CE, general Douglas MacArthur vows "I came through and I shall return," after escaping the Japanese-occupied Philippines; three years later, the U.S. 70th Infantry Division captures Saarbrucken, immediately prior to the invasion of Germany by the Western Allies. Seven years after that, in 1952 CE, the final ratification of the peace treaty restoring sovereignty to Japan is enacted by United States Senate.
In 1956 CE the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics performs nuclear test; twenty-six years later, France performs nuclear test.
In 1957 CE, Britain accepts the North Atlantic Treaty Organization’s (N.A.T.O.’s) offer to mediate in Cyprus…, but Greece rejects it; one year later, the Clandestine Burasi Bizim Radio begins transmitting the communist “Voice of Truth” in Greece. Nineteen years after that, in 1977 CE, communists and socialists win French municipal elections.
In 1963 CE the first "Pop Art" exhibition takes place in New York, New York.
In 1971 CE the Northern Ireland prime minister, James Chichester-Clark resigns in protest at what he views as a limited security response by the British government; one years later the Provisional Irish Republican Army (PIRA) detonate its first car bomb on Donegall Street in Belfast; four civilians, two RUC officers and a UDR soldier are killed, while one hundred and forty-eight people were wounded. Twenty-one years after that, in 1993 CE, an Irish Republican Army (IRA) bomb kills a three-year-old in Warrington, England.
In 1985 CE, Libby Riddles becomes the first woman to win the Iditarod Trail Dog Sled Race
In 1986 CE, New York City passes its first lesbian and gay rights legislation.
In 1990 CE the Los Angeles Lakers retire Kareem Abdul-Jabbar's #33 Jersey.
In 1994 CE the Zulu-king Goodwill Zwelithini founds realm in South Africa.
In 1995 CE the Dow Jones Industrial Average hits record 4083.68; today in 2026 CE, the Dow Jones is 46,124.06.
In 1996 CE the United Kingdom admits that humans can catch Mad Cow Disease (CJD), one year later, the U.S. tobacco company Liggett admits that cigarettes are addictive.
In 2016 CE Barack Obama becomes the first U.S. President to visit Cuba since 1928, arriving for a three-day tour with First Lady Michelle.
In 2019 CE, Finland is named the world's happiest country, while South Sudan is world's least happy, according to annual World Happiness Report.
In 2021 CE, Japan announces that overseas spectators will not be allowed to attend the Tokyo Summer Olympics due to the pandemic COVID-19 pandemic.
In 2022 CE Intense fighting in Ukrainian city of Mariupol continues as Russian forces encircle the city, trapping three-hundred-thousand people within its boundaries.
In 2023 CE the U.N.'s Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change says world has less than a decade to stop catastrophic warming, that we must reduce greenhouse gases by half, by 2030, and cease adding carbon dioxide to the atmosphere by the early 2050’s.
In 2024 CE, French mathematician Michel Talagrand is awarded the Abel prize for his work on probability theory and describing randomness, on this same day, Vaughan Gething is confirmed as Wales' new first-minister, becoming the first Black leader of a national government in Europe.
In 2025 CE, former swimmer Kirsty Coventry of Zimbabwe, is the first woman and the first African to be elected president of the International Olympic Committee.
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