It happened on March 31st

On this day in the year 1084 of the common era (CE) the Anti-pope Clement crowns the German king, Hendrik IV, as the holy Roman emperor; sixty-two years later, at the council of Vézelay Bernard of Clairvaux preaches a sermon in a field, urging the necessity of a Second Crusade; Louis VII and Eleanor of Aquitaine were present and heed the call. One hundred and forty-six years after that, in 1492 CE, Queen Isabella I of Castile and King Ferdinand II of Aragon issue the Alhambra Decree expelling Jews from their kingdoms; three years later, pope Alexander VI forms the anti-French alliance with the League of Venice, who’s members were the archduke of Austria Maximilian I, Ferdinand II of Aragon, Ludovico Sforza the duke of Milan, and the Republic of Venice. Twenty-six years after that, in 1521 CE, the first Mass is held in the Philippines, generally believed to be on the Island of Limasawa in the Archipelago of St Lazarus by Ferdinand Magellan and fifty of his men…they take possession of the island the same day; one hundred and thirty-six years later, the English Parliament presents the Humble Petition and Advice to the lord protector Oliver Cromwell, they performatively offer him the crown and he performatively declines. Twenty-six years after that, in 1683 CE, the so-called holy Roman emperor, Leopold I and king John III Sobieski of Poland sign a covenant against the Turkish Empire and for the so-called Holy League; thirty four years later, Benjamin Hoadly, the Bishop of Bangor, provokes the Bangorian Controversy with his sermon on The Nature of the Kingdom of Christ. One hundred and five years after that, in 1822 CE, the population of the Greek island of Chios are massacred by soldiers of the Ottoman Empire following an attempted rebellion attempt…famously depicted by Eugène Delacroix, oil on canvas; eighty-three years later, emperor Wilhelm II of Germany visits Tangier in Morocco to proclaim Germany's support of Moroccan independence and equal opportunity for all powers to trade there. Two years after that, in 1907 CE, the Romanian Army puts down the Moldavian farmers' revolt; two years later, in a diplomatic note to Austrian-Hungarian empire, Serbia recognizes the Bosnian annexation, and promises to maintain friendly relations.

On this day in the year 1651 CE, the great earthquake at Cuzco, Peru takes place; three hundred and thirty-two years later, the Popayán Earthquake (5.5 Mw Depth) takes place in Colombia, killing two hundred sixty-seven people, injuring some seven thousand five-hundred more. Twenty-nine years after that, in 2012 CE, floods in Fiji kill two people and force thousands to evacuate; one year later, eleven people are killed in flooding at Port Louis, Mauritius. Four years after that, in 2017 CE, mudslides caused by heavy rains sweep through Mocoa, Colombia killing more than two hundred people; six years later, a large storm system crosses the middle of the continental United States (U.S.), from Mississippi and Alabama to Illinois and Wisconsin, unleashing numerous tornadoes, leaving at least thirty two people dead.

On this day in 1736 CE. Bellevue Hospital is founded in a New York City almshouse, becoming the first public hospital in the U.S..

In 1770 CE, Immanuel Kant is appointed Professor of Logic and Metaphysics at the University of Königsberg, Prussia (Kaliningrad in the modern Russian Federation).

In 1796 CE, Johann Wolfgang von Goethe's dramatic play "Egmont" premieres in Weimar (Germany); one hundred and ten years later, George Bernard Shaw's 1898 play "Caesar and Cleopatra" premieres in a German version in Berlin, German Empire, twenty-four years after that, in 1930 CE, the Motion Pictures Production Code is instituted, imposing strict guidelines on the treatment of sex, crime, religion and violence in film for the next four decades, nine years later, The Hound of Baskervilles, is released, it is the first of fourteen films starring Basil Rathbone as Sherlock Holmes and Nigel Bruce as Dr. Watson. Six years after that, in 1945 CE Tennessee Williams' stage drama, The Glass Menagerie, premieres in New York, New York; four years later, William Grant Still's opera, Troubled Island with libretto by Langston Hughes and Verna Arvey, premieres at the New York City Opera in New York. It is the first grand opera composed by an African American to be produced by a major company. Eight years later, in 1957 CE, Rodgers & Hammerstein's live television musical Cinderella, starring Julie Andrews, premieres on CBS-TV; three years later, Gore Vidal's play, Best Man, premieres in New York, New York…Melvyn Douglas, wins the Tony award for Best Actor, for his performance. Twenty-one years after that, in 1981 CE, at the 53rd Academy Awards, Ordinary People wins Best Picture; two years later, Monty Python's, The Meaning of Life is released in the U.S.; nine years later, Robert Wilson, Tom Waits and William S. Burroughs' avant garde opera, The Black Rider, premieres at the Thalia Theater in Hamburg, Germany. One year after that, in 1991 CE, former Partridge Family star, Danny Bonaduce attacks a transvestite prostitute in Phoenix, Arizona; eight years later, 10 Things I Hate About You, a modern adaptation of Shakespeare's, The Taming of the Shrew, starring Julia Stiles and Heath Ledger, is released

In 1814 CE, forces allied against Napoleon capture Paris; seventy-five years later, the Eiffel Tower officially opens for dignitaries at an award ceremony in Paris, France, designed by Gustave Eiffel and built for the Exposition Universelle, at 300 meters high it held the record for the tallest man-made structure for the next four decades. Thirty-four years after that, in 1923 CE, occupying French soldiers fire on workers when they are surrounded at the Krupp auto factory in Essen, Germany; six people die and dozens are wounded; one hundred and two years later, France's far-right leader Marine Le Pen is found guilty of the embezzlement of European Union (E.U.) funds; she is barred from running for office for five years.

In 1850 CE the population of the United States reaches 23,191,876, in 2025 the U.S. Census bureau the population is 341,800,000. The black population was 3,638,808, approximately 15.7%, today the black population is roughly 50 million and about 14.4% of the whole…listen folks the population is growing at rate of 0.5%; eighty-three years later.

In 1854 CE the Treaty of Kanagawa is signed when Commodore Perry forces Japan to open its ports to U.S. trade; twenty-three years later, a family with samurai antecedents who responded to the Saigo army in Ōita Nakatsu, rebels.

In 1861 CE the treasonous Confederacy takes over U.C. mint at New Orleans, Louisianna.

In 1870 CE Thomas Mundy Peterson of Perth Amboy, New Jersey, becomes the first African American to vote in the U.S. under provisions of the 15th Amendment to the Constitution, casting his vote in a local election concerning the township’s charter.

In 1880 CE the town of Wabash, Indianna becomes the first completely illuminated by electric lighting (Wabash, Indiana); fifty-two years later, Ford publicly unveils its V-8 engine.

In 1900 CE at “Surprise of Sanna’s Post" in the Second Boer War, one hundred and fifty troops under Brigadier General Robert Broadwood are killed.

In 1903 CE Richard Pearse flies a monoplane several hundred yards in New Zealand, months before the Wright brother’s flew at Kitty Hawk; eighteen years later, the Royal Australian Air Force is formed. Three years after that, in 1924 CE, at Croydon Airport, London, the Imperial Airways is established in Britain; forty-two years later, the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (U.S.S.R.) launches Luna 10…the first lunar orbiter. Four years after that, in 1970 CE, Explorer 1 re-enters the Earth's atmosphere after 12 years in orbit; eight years later, the U.S.S.R. launches the Kosmos 1000 navigational satellite. Eighteen years after that, in 1996 CE, Space Shuttle STS 76 (Atlantis 16), lands; twenty-nine years later, the SpaceX mission Fram2 launches four people aboard a Falcon 9 rocket, becoming the first crewed spaceflight to enter a polar retrograde orbit.

In 1906 CE the Intercollegiate Athletic Association of the United States is founded to set rules in amateur sports; it will later become the National Collegiate Athletic Association (N.C.A.A.); seventeen years later, the first dance marathon takes place in New York, New York; Alma Cummings sets the record for dancing twenty-seven hours with six different partners.

In 1909 CE, Gustav Mahler conducts the New York Philharmonic for the first time; forty years later, RCA Victor of Camden, New Jersey, introduces the 45 RPM record player, along with the 7-inch single, a vinyl disc more durable than the 78 RPM shellac; the initial releases include: Eddy Arnold's, Texarkana Baby and Spade Cooley's, Spanish Fandango; Arthur Crudup's, Crudup's After Hours and Saul Meisel's, A Klein Melamedl. Twenty-eight years after that, in 1967 CE, Jimi Hendrix burns his guitar (and his fingers) at the Astoria theatre in Finsbury Park, London; two years later, George Harrison and Pattie Boyd are fined £250 each for possession of illegal drugs. Three years after that, in 1972 CE, the Official Beatles Fan Club closes down; six years later, Wings release the album, London Town. Four years after that, in 1982 CE, The Doobie Brothers split up; twenty-seven years later, the single Boom Boom Pow is released by The Black Eyed Peas, it later wins the Grammy Award for Best Music Video, and is named the Billboard Song of the Year. Ten years after that, in 2019 CE, Elton John joins George Clooney's call to boycott hotels owned by the Sultan of Brunei after Brunei plans new anti-gay laws to make homosexual sex punishable by death; on that same day, rapper and activist Nipsey Hussle is fatally shot outside his clothing store in Los Angeles, California. Two years after that, in 2021 CE, Paul Simon sells his entire songwriting catalog of over four hundred songs to Sony Music for an undisclosed sum.

In 1909 CE the National Baseball Commission rules that players who jump contracts are to be suspended for five years, and players who join “outlaw” organizations are to be suspended for three years; fifty-nine years later, Seattle's American League (AL) club is dubbed the Pilots. Two years after that, in 1970 CE, a Federal bankruptcy court allows the Seattle Pilots to be sold to Milwaukee; twenty-four years later, the walkway from Cleveland's Tower City to Jacobs Field officially opens. One year after that, in 1995 CE, Supreme Court justice Sonia Sotomayor, while serving as a federal judge on U.S. District Court in New York, New York issues an injunction against Major League Baseball (MLB) owners in a move that effectively ends two hundred and thirty-two day strike; one year later, for the first time in MLB history, the regular season opens in March with the Seattle Mariners beating the Chicago White Sox, 3-2 in twelve innings at the Kingdome in Seattle, Washington. Two years after that, in 1998 CE, the expansion clubs, Tampa Bay and Arizona both suffer losses in their MLB debuts; the Devil Rays lose, 11-6 to the Detroit Tigers and the Diamondbacks fall, 9-2 to the Colorado Rockies; on this same day, Milwaukee Brewers who became the first team since the inception of the AL to switch leagues, and lose their first National League (NL) game, 2-1 to the Braves in Atlanta, Georgia. Five years after that, in 2003 CE, the Cincinnati Reds open their new home, “The Great American Ball Park,” with a 10-1 loss to the Pittsburgh Pirates…former President George H. W. Bush throws the first ceremonial pitch; one year later, with a 12-1 defeat of the Tampa Bay Devil Rays in Tokyo, the New York Yankees starter Kevin Brown becomes only the second pitcher in MLB history to have beaten all 30 teams.

In 1916 CE the Dutch government announces its intention to end all military engagements; one year later, the Danish West Indies are officially ceded to the United States for twenty-five million dollars and were subsequently renamed the Virgin Islands. Five years after that, in 1922 CE, prince Hendrik of the Netherlands opens the Trade Fair building in Amsterdam.

In 1918 CE, daylight saving time goes into effect in the United States.

In 1920 CE the British Parliament accepts the Government of Ireland Act, known as the Fourth Home Rule Bill; one year later British coal miners go on strike. Three years after that, in 1924 CE, the London public transport strike ends; forty-four years later, following an Orange Order parade, intense riots erupt on the Springfield Road in Belfast; the violence lasts for three days, and the British Army uses CS gas for the first time against Irish protesters…in large quantities. Eleven years after that, in 1979 CE, the last British soldier leaves the Maltese Islands, while Malta declares its Freedom Day (Jum il-Helsien); eleven years later, major riots occur in London and other British towns in protest against the new Community Charge and poll tax laws.

In 1926 CE the German Special Court of Justice for State Security disbands; thirteen years later Britain & France agree to support Poland if the country is invaded by Germany…this did not happen. Four years after that, in 1943 CE, the U.S. errantly bombs Rotterdam, killing three hundred and twenty-six people; one year later, Hungary orders all Jews to wear yellow stars. One year after that, in 1945 CE, the 3rd Algerian division crosses the Rhine; on this same day Sicherheitsdienst murders ten political prisoners in Zutphen. Meanwhile, on this same day in 1945 CE, on the other side of the world, U.S. artillery lands on Keise Shima and begins firing on the Island of Okinawa.

In 1932 CE, one hundred and fifty wild swans die in Niagara Falls on the border of New York State and the Canadian Province of Ontario.

In 1933 CE, the U.S. Congress authorizes the Civilian Conservation Corps; fifteen years later, the U.S. Congress passes the Marshall Aid Act to rehabilitate war-torn Europe. Five years after that, in 1953 CE, the U.S. Department of Health, Education & Welfare is established.

In 1940 CE, Karelo-Finnlandia becomes the twelfth republic to join the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (U.S.S.R.); fourteen years later, the U.S.S.R. offers to join the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (N.A.T.O.), a alliance of democratic nations organized to counter Soviet aggression. Thirty-seven years after that, the Soviet Republic of Georgia votes on whether to remain in the Soviet Union and endorses independence, whereupon the Warsaw Pact, a treaty alliance aimed at countering N.A.T.O. influence, dissolves.

In 1946 CE the first election is held in Greece after World War II.

In 1949 CE, Newfoundland becomes Canada's tenth province; eleven years later, First Nations people are granted the right to vote in Canada, without giving up their Indian status, in repeal of part of Canada Elections Act.

In 1951 CE a column of U.S. tanks exceed the 38^th Latitude, in a United Nations (U.N.) police action, seen as an invasion of People’s Republic of North Korea.

In 1955 a Merger of Chase National Bank, the third largest bank in the world, and Bank of Manhattan, the fifteenth largest bank in the world, forming the Chase Manhattan Bank.

In 1958 CE the U.S. Navy forms its atomic submarine division; fourteen years later marks the final day of the rum-ration in the Royal Canadian Navy.

In 1958 CE the U.S.S.R. suspends nuclear weapons tests, and urges the United States and the United Kingdom to do same; twenty-six years later, the U.S. performs nuclear test at Nevada Test Site

In 1963 CE the city of Los Angeles, California ends its streetcar service after ninety years in operation.

In 1965 CE, an Iberia Airlines Convair 440 crashes into the sea on approach to Tangier killing forty-seven people, leaving four survivors; twenty-one years later, a Mexicana Airlines Boeing 727 crashes, killing one hundred and sixty-seven people. Three years after that, in 1989 CE, future president of the United States, Donald Trump purchases Eastern Airlines' Northeast Shuttle and bankrupts it almost immediately.

In 1966 CE, twenty-five thousand antiwar demonstrators march in New York, New York; two years later, U.S. president Lyndon B. Johnson announces in an address to the nation that he will not seek re-election; two years later Johnson authorizes a troop surge in Vietnam, bringing the total number of U.S. soldiers, sailors and Marines deployed in the “conflict” to a peak of 549,500. Three years after that, 1971 CE, William Calley is sentenced to life for his roll in the Mi Lai Massacre, Vietnam.

In 1969 CE the NY Times reviews Slaughterhouse-Five, by Kurt Vonnegut, stating: "you'll either love it, or push it back in the science-fiction corner;" nineteen years later, the Pulitzer Prize is awarded to Toni Morrison for her novel, Beloved.

In 1973 CE, Billie Jean King ends Margaret Court's fifty-seven match winning streak in semi-finals of the WTA event in Indianapolis, Indianna

In 1973 CE Muhammad Ali suffers a broken jaw in a shock split-points decision loss to Ken Norton after twelve rounds in San Diego, California…Ali wins rematch in another controversial split decision; seven years later, in almost concurrent heavyweight boxing championship fights: Larry Holmes defeats Leroy Jones in eight rounds with a technical knock-out, for the World Boxing Council’s title in Las Vegas, Nevada, while Mike Weaver knock’s out John Tate in fifteen rounds for the World Boxing Association’s belt in Knoxville, Tennessee.

In 1980 CE, U.S. president Jimmy Carter deregulates the banking industry; forty-one years later, president Joe Biden overturns his predecessor’s (Donald Trump) restrictions on transgender people serving in the armed forces. On the same day in 2021 CE, Joe Biden unveils the "American Jobs Plan," one of the largest infrastructure plans in United States history, worth two-trillion dollars.

In 1985 CE, El Salvador's president, José Napoleón Duarte's Christian Democratic Party wins election…much suffering ensues.

In 1991 CE the nation of Albania holds its first multi-party election in fifty years.

Also in 1991 CE the establishment of the Islamic Constitutional Movement is marked as beginning in Hadas, Kuwait; one year later, the U.N. Security Council votes to ban flights and arms sales to Libya. Twelve years after that, in 2004 CE, in Fallujah, Iraq, four American private military contractors working for Blackwater USA are killed, and their bodies mutilated after being ambushed.

In 1994 CE the Journal Nature reports the finding in Ethiopia of the first complete Australopithecus afarensis skull; twenty-eight years later, the first truly complete sequence of a human genome is published by the Telomere-to-Telomere (T2T) consortium, after breakthroughs in new technology.

In 2007 CE, in Sydney, Australia, two million, two hundred thousand people take part in the first Earth Hour.

In 2013 CE, two people die from bird-flu (type H7N9) in China.

In 2020 CE British pensioner Robert Weighton becomes the world's oldest man at 112 years of age.

In 2021 CE Alfred Aho and Jeffrey Ullman win the Turing Award for their work inventing computer program compilers; also on this day, French president Emmanuel Macron announces a new pandemic lockdown, closing schools for three weeks with new national restrictions/ And again, on this day in 2021 CE, the State of New York legalizes recreational use of marijuana in legislation signed by Governor Andrew Cuomo…commercial sales not legal for eighteen months.

 

Reference

https://www.onthisday.com/

It happened on March 30th

On this day in the year 240 before the common era (BCE) the first known record of the perihelion-passage of Halley's Comet is made, the perihelion is the transit point at which the comet is nearest in its orbit to Helios, the sun. 

On this day in the year 1422 of the common era (CE) the Zen Buddhist teacher Ketsugan, performs a series of exorcisms to free the Aizōji Temple in Fukushima, Japan…demonstrating that being a Zen Buddhist does not mean you are unwilling to exploit superstition, or succumb to it yourself, because even Zen Buddhists like to believe stupid sh*t.

On this day in the year 1533 CE, Thomas Cranmer becomes the archbishop of Canterbury

On this day in 1603 CE the English army under lord Mountjoy defeats the Irish at the Battle of Mellifont; three hundred and sixty three years later, loyalists bomb water and electricity installations in Northern Ireland in the hope that the attacks would be blamed on the Irish Republican Army and activist elements within the civil rights movement, who were demanding an end to discrimination against Catholics. Three years after that, in 1972 CE, Northern Ireland's government and parliament are dissolved by the British government and direct rule from Westminster is introduced; seven years later, Airey Neave, a British politician, is killed by a car bomb as he exits Westminster Palace, the Irish National Liberation Army claims responsibility.

In 1778 CE the playwright Voltaire is crowned with a laurel wreath; one hundred and sixteen years later, George Bernard Shaw's comedy Candida premieres at the Theatre Royal in South Shields, England. Fifty-seven years after that, in 1951 CE, the first performance of Walter Piston's Fourth Symphony is commissioned to mark the University of Minnesota's centennial, its debut is made by the Minneapolis Symphony Orchestra, with Antal Doráti conducting; one year later, at the 6th Tony Awards, The King & I win for best musical. Thirty years after that in, 1982 CE, John Pielmeier's play Agnes of God, premieres at the Music Box Theatre in New York, New York; it is about a nun who gives birth and insists it was immaculate conception, it runs for 599 performances.

In 1796 CE, Carl Friedrich Gauss, a German mathematician, discovers the construction of the heptadecagon; one hundred and fifty-seven years later, Albert Einstein announces his revised unified field theory…like king Pelinore, it details his never-ending quest for the cosmological-constant, like a beast in the mist that eludes his snares.

In 1814 CE, Joachim Murat issues the Rimini Declaration, which later inspires Italian unification; on this same day, the forces of the Sixth Coalition march into Paris after defeating Napoleon.

In 1822 CE the United States (U.S.) Congress combines East and West Florida into the Florida Territory; forty-eight years later, the Florida territorial government is established.

In 1842 CE, ether is used as an anesthetic for the first time by Dr. Crawford Long in Georgia; sixteen years later, the pencil with attached eraser is patented by Hyman L. Lipman of Philadelphia. Thirty-eight years after that, in 1895 CE. British inventor Birt Acres films Oxford and Cambridge boat race; fifty-five years later, Bell Laboratories announces the invention of the phototransistor in Murray Hill, New Jersey.     

In 1856 CE the Russian Empire, the Ottoman Empire, Great Britain, France and the Kingdom of Sardinia sign the Treaty of Paris, bringing the Crimean War to end…it did not take; nine years later, Danish prince Wilhelm Georg of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glucksburg, takes the name George, and is chosen to  be king of Greece.

In 1867 CE the United States buys Alaska from Russia for $7,200,000 (109 million in 2018 dollars), at roughly 2 cents an acre.

In 1870 CE Texas becomes the last of the treasonous confederate states to be readmitted to the Union, on that same day, the 15th Amendment to the US Constitution is adopted, guaranteeing the right to vote regardless of race.

In 1900 the Dutch Second Chamber accepts the Compulsory Education law; ninety-one years later, the last issue of the Dutch Newspaper "Vr˜e Folk" (Free People) is issued.

In 1909 CE, New York's Queensboro Bridge opens, linking Manhattan & Queens; two years later, the Lötschberg tunnel in Switzerland is completed.

In 1910 CE the Mississippi Legislature founds The University of Southern Mississippi.

In 1919 CE Indian civil rights activist Mahatma Gandhi announces a campaign of resistance against Rowlatt Act; forty years later, the Dalai Lama flees Chinese occupied Tibet and is granted political asylum in India.

In 1939 CE, Batman debuts in the twenty-seventh issue of Detective Comics, published by D.C..

In 1942 the first transport of Dutch Jewry from the Reich Security Main Office (R.S.H.A.) in France arrives at camp Birkenau; on this same day, Nazi SS soldiers murder two hundred inmates of the Trawniki concentration camp. One year after that, in 1943 CE, the British 1st Army recaptures Sejenane; one year later, seven hundred and eighty-one British bombers attack Nuremberg. One year after that, in 1945 CE, two hundred and eighty-nine anti-fascists are murdered by Nazis at Romberg Park, in Dortmund, Germany; on this same day, the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (U.S.S.R.) forces invade Austria. Also on this day in 1945 CE, a defecting German pilot delivers a Messerschmitt ME 262A-1 to the American forces in Europe.

In 1949 CE, Riots breaks out in Austurvöllur square in Reykjavík, when Iceland joins the North Atlantic Treaty Organization.

In 1955 CE, On the Waterfront with Marlon Brando, win Best Picture and Best Actor at the 27^th Academy Awards; eleven years later, Barbra Streisand's second TV special and the first in color, premieres on CBS, Color Me Barbra. Twenty-one years after, in 1987 CE, at the 59th Academy Awards, Platoon wins Best Picture; five years later, at the 64th Academy Awards, The Silence of the Lambs wins Best Picture, together with the actors in its lead roles, Anthony Hopkins & Jodie Foster. Thirty years after that, in 2022 CE, Bruce Willis announces he is stepping away from acting after a diagnosis of aphasia.

In 1956 CE the U.S.S.R. performs nuclear test; seven years later France performs underground nuclear test at Ecker Algeria. Nine years after that, in 1972 CE, the United States performs nuclear test at Nevada Test Site; eleven years later, the U.S.S.R. performs nuclear test at the Semipalatinsk Test Site in northeast Kazakhstan.

In 1961 CE a National Aeronautics and Space Administration (N.A.S.A.) civilian pilot, Joseph A. Walker takes the X-15 to 169,600 feet (51,690 meters), becoming the first person to surpass the stratopause, entering the mesosphere; three years later Astronaut John Glenn withdraws from Ohio senate race. Eighteen years after that, in 1982 CE, the third N.A.S.A. Space Shuttle Mission: Columbia 3, lands at White Sands, New Mexico; eighteen years later, Richard Branson is knighted by Charles, Prince of Wales for "services to entrepreneurship" at Buckingham Palace, London. Six years after that, in 2006 CE, Marcos Pontes becomes the first Brazilian astronaut in space.

In 1965 CE, A car bomb explodes in front of the U.S. Embassy in Saigon, killing twenty-two people, wounding one hundred and eighty-three more; seven years later, North Vietnam launches a major conventional offensive against South Vietnam. One year after that, in 1973 CE, Ellsworth Bunker resigns as the U.S. ambassador to South Vietnam

In 1967 CE the cover picture of the Beatles' Sgt Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band album is photographed by Michael Cooper; three years later, Columbia Records releases jazz artist Miles Davis's influential double album Bitches Brew; it becomes his highest-charting title, wins a Grammy Award and earns Miles Davis his first gold record. Five years after that, in 1975 CE, James Rupert kills eleven members of his family, on Easter Sunday, in Hamilton, Ohio

In 1981 CE, U.S. president Ronald Reagan is shot and wounded in an assassination attempt by John Hinckley, Jr., the former college roommate of George H. W. Bush’s son, the sitting V.P. under Reagan. Three others, including press secretary James Brady, are wounded; forty-two years later, (then) former U.S. president Donald Trump is indicted by a Manhattan Grand Jury on charges over hush payments he paid to actress Stormy Daniels; Trump is the first U.S. president to face criminal charges.

In 1983 CE the New York Mercantile Exchange (N.Y.M.E.X.) begins trading crude oil futures.

In 1984 CE, New York police detective Robert Cunningham offers waitress Phyllis Penzo half of a $1 lottery ticket; the next day, they win $6 million.     

In 1987 CE, Vincent van Gogh's painting, Sunflowers, sells for a record thirty-nine million, seven hundred-thousand dollars.

In 2013 CE North Korea declares it is at a state of war with South Korea; four years later, ex-South Korean president Park Geun-hye is arrested in a corruption investigation.

In 2017 CE the Venezuela Supreme Court takes over legislative powers of the National Assembly, the opposition calls it a coup.

In 2019 CE pope Francis arrives in Rabat, Morocco, on his first-ever visit to the Magreb region of Northern Africa.

In 2019 CE, Zuzana Caputova is elected president of Slovakia, she is the country's first female head of state.

In 2020 CE the International Olympic Committee (I.O.C.) announces the postponement of the 2020 Summer Olympic Games, stating that they will be held July 23^rd to August 8th in the following year of 2021 CE, due to the COVID-19 pandemic; on this same day, Moscow, in the Russian Federation, begins a city-wide lockdown with four hours notice due to COVID-19. Also on this day in 2020 CE, three out of four Americans are now ordered to stay home due to COVID-19, as the states of Virginia, Maryland, Arizona and Florida issue lockdown orders.

In 2022 CE the Turing Award is won by American programmer Jack Dongarra, whose work paved the way for supercomputers; one year later, key figures in Artificial Intelligence including Elon Musk and Steve Wozniak sign an open letter warning the race to develop AI systems is out of control and asking for a suspension of at least six months. 

Reference

https://www.onthisday.com/

It happened on March 29th

On this day in the year 502 of the common era (CE), king Gundobar of Burgundy, and a member of the Patrician class of the western Roman Empire, delegates royal power in his submission to Clovis I, king of the Franks, a migrating tribe of Germans who gave their name to France; three hundred and forty-three years later, Paris is sacked by Viking raiders, probably under Ragnar Lodbrok (The Vikings), who collects a huge ransom in exchange for leaving.

On this day in the year 1461 CE at the battle of Towton, duke Edward of York defeats the Lancastrian army, deposes King Henry VI and Queen Margaret of Anjou and proclaims himself as King Edward IV; one hundred and seventy-one years later, the treaty of Saint-Germain is signed, returning Quebec to French control after the English seized it in 1629. Thirty-nine years after that, in 1673 CE, the English king Charles II accepts the Test Act, which excludes Roman Catholics from public functions; one hundred and ninety-one years later, great Britain gives the Ionian Islands back to Greece. Forty years after that, in 1867 CE the British North America Act (also known as the Canadian constitution) is granted Royal Assent; one hundred and fifty-six years later, king Charles III of the United Kingdom, makes his first state visit abroad to Germany, arriving in Berlin.

On this day in 1549 CE the city of Salvador da Bahia, the first capital of Brazil, is founded.

In 1638 CE, Fort Christina (now Wilmington is founded by Swedish Lutheran, Peter Munit, it the first permanent European settlement in the Swedish colony of New Sweden, on the Delaware Peninsula; one hundred and fifty-four years later, 1792 king Gustav III of Sweden dies after being shot in the back at a midnight masquerade ball at Stockholm's Royal Opera just thirteen days earlier. He he is succeeded by Gustav IV Adolf, who seventeen years after that, in 1809 CE abdicates after a coup d'état, at the Diet of Porvoo, in which Finland's four estates pledge allegiance to Alexander I of Russia, commencing the secession of the Grand Duchy of Finland from Sweden.

In 1795 CE Ludwig van Beethoven (age 24) has his debut performance as a pianist at the Burgtheater in Vienna, Austria; on this same day, thirty-two years later, twenty-thousand people attend.

In 1798 CE the Republic of Switzerland forms.

In 1799 CE the State of New York passes a “gradual-abolition” law: stating that children of enslaved mothers are born free but still owe free service to their parent’s owners until they are age 25 if female and 28 if male…should they live so long.

In 1804 CE thousands of European slave holders are massacred in Haiti for plotting to undo the slave revolt that had taken place in Haiti over the preceding decade.

In 1806 CE construction is authorized of the Great National Pike, better known as the Cumberland Road, becoming the first United States (U.S.) federal highway; sixty-one years later, the U.S. Congress approves building the Lincoln Memorial. One hundred and twenty-one years after that, in 1988 CE, the U.S. Congress discontinues aid to the Nicaraguan contras.

In 1831 CE the Bosnians rebel against the Ottoman Empire in the Great Bosnian uprising.

In 1847 CE, twelve thousand U.S. troops capture Vera Cruz, Mexico; eighty-two years later, U.S. president Herbert Hoover has the first telephone installed on the desk at the White house, in the Oval Office.

In 1848 CE, Niagara Falls stops flowing for 30 hours due to an ice jam in the river upstream, the flow of water stops completely over both of Niagara's two falls due to an ice jam in the upper river.

In 1852 CE the State of Ohio makes it illegal for children under eighteen and women to work more than ten hours a day.

In 1871 CE the Royal Albert Hall is opened by Queen Victoria in London, England.

In 1882 CE the Knights of Columbus are chartered, an organization of Catholic men opposed to the influence of Freemasonry.

In 1897 CE Japan adopts the Gold Standard.

In 1901 CE Edmund Barton is elected prime minister in Australia's first federal election, with the Federal Labor Party MPs elected to the majority in the Australian House of Representatives and Senate.

In 1928 CE, Yeshiva College (now Yeshiva University) is chartered, in New York, New Yor

In 1930 CE, Heinrich Brüning is appointed German Chancellor; four years later, the Bank of Travail in Belgium, belonging to the socialist workers' movement, goes bankrupt. Two years after that, in 1936 CE, Nazi propaganda claims 99% of Germans voted for Nazi candidates; seven years later, meat, butter and cheese are rationed in United States for the duration of World War II. Two years after that, in 1945 CE, Hollywood movie star James Stewart is promoted to full colonel, one of the few Americans to rise from private to colonel in four years; on this same day, the last day of the V-1 flying bomb attacks is launched against England.

In 1940 CE American boxer Joe Louis knocks out Johnny Paycheck in 2 rounds to retain possession of the heavyweight championship boxing title; twenty-six years later Muhammad Ali beats George Chuvalo in fifteen rounds for the heavyweight championship boxing title.

In 1948 CE the New York Yankees & Boston Red Sox tie at 2-2 in seventeen innings, during a spring training game; seventy-seven years after that , the New York Yankees Paul Goldschmidt, Cody Bellinger, and Aaron Judge hit home runs on the first three pitches from Milwaukee Brewers Nester Cortes, the start of franchise record nine homers in 20-9 win at Yankee Stadium.

In 1949 CE Turkey recognizes the nation of Israel.

In 1951 CE American citizens Julius and Ethel Rosenberg are convicted and sentenced to death for conspiracy to commit espionage for the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (U.S.S.R.).Roy Cohen was the U.S. Attorney who prosecuted them, he also served as general counsel to Joe McCarthy’s Committee on Un-American Activities in the U.S. House of Representatives, as well as Donald J. Trump’s personal attorney, before he entered politics…many believed he manufactured the evidence against them.

In 1968 CE students seize the Bowie building at the State College, Maryland; eight years later, a group of eight Ohio National Guardsmen are indicted for shooting four students who were peacefully protesting at Kent State University in 1970.

In 1968 CE Teri Garr guest stars in Assignment: Earth, an episode of the original Star Trek Television series with William Shatner as Captain James T. Kirk; eight years later, at the 48th Academy Awards: One Flew Over The Cuckoo's Nest, wins Best Picture, Director Milos Forman wins Best Director, stars Jack Nicholson and Louise Fletcher win awards for Best Actor, and Best Supporting Actress. Two years after that, in 1978 CE, The Carol Burnett Show airs its last episode on CBS, having won twenty-five Emmy Awards; fifteen years later, Unforgiven, directed by Clint Eastwood, wins Best Picture at the 63^rd Academy Awards.

In 1969 CE the Communist New People's Army is founded in the Philippines; two years later, Chilean president Allende nationalizes the country’s banks and copper mines.

In 1971 CE, 1st Lieutenant William L Calley Jr. is found guilty for war crimes committed during the My Lai massacre, during the war in Vietnam; two years later, U.S. troops leave Vietnam, nine years after the Gulf of Tonkin Resolution, which committed the U.S. to a massive force build-up in the war after, and was predicated on a false flag operation intended to drum up public support for increased military action.

In 1971 CE the serum for a hepatitis vaccine specifically designed for children is announced.

In 1974 CE, Chinese farmers discover the Terracotta Army near Xi'an, 8,000 clay warrior statues buried to guard the tomb of China's first emperor, Qin Shi Huang.

Also on this day in 1974 CE, the Mariner 10's, first fly-by of Mercury takes place and returns photos to mission control on earth; fifteen years later, the first U.S. private commercial rocket makes suborbital test flight at White Sands Missile Range in New Mexico. Twenty-four years after that, in 2013 CE, the Soyuz TMA-08M sets a new record of 6 hours in orbit before docking with the International Space Station

In 1975 CE, Lady Marmalade by Labelle reaches number one on Billboard singles chart; eleven years later, records by The Beatles officially go on sale in Russia more than two decades after their release in the West. Twenty-one years after that, in 2007 CE, Rihanna releases her hit single Umbrella, featuring Jay-Z, it goes to number one on U.S. Billboard Hot 100 for and stays there for seven weeks; twelve years later, The Cure, Roxy Music and The Zombies are inducted into the 34th Rock and Roll Hall of Fame. Also on this day in 2019 CE, American singer-songwriter Billie Eilish (age 17) releases her debut studio album: When We All Fall Asleep, Where Do We Go?

In 1981 CE the U.S.S.R. performs nuclear test at the Semipalatinsk Test Site in northeast Kazakhstan; three years later, they do it again.

In 1989 CE, I. M. Pei's pyramidal entrance to the renovated Louvre Museum opens in Paris, France.

In 1998 CE the Vasco da Gama Road bridge opens in Lisbon, Portugal, it is then the longest bridge in Europe.

In 1999 CE the Dow Jones Industrial Average closes above 10,000 for the first time ever; today the Dow was 45,156.51.

In 2004 CE the nations of Bulgaria, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Romania, Slovakia and Slovenia all join NATO as full members.

In 2004 CE The Republic of Ireland becomes the first country in the world to ban smoking in all workplaces, including bars and restaurants.

In 2005 CE the Walt Disney Company announces they will not renew the management agreement with Miramax Films, founded by Harvey and Bob Weinstein when it expires.

In 2010 CE the Archaeological site of the Mayan city of Chichen Itza is purchased by the Mexican state of Yucatán from a private landowner.

In 2014 CE the first same-sex couples marry in the United Kingdom (U.K) as a result of the passing of The Marriage Act of 2013; three years later, U.K. prime minister Theresa May sends a letter to the European Union (E.U.) invoking Article 50 of the Lisbon Treaty, formally triggering their exit from the E.U., otherwise known as Brexit…it didn’t work out so well for her or the people of the U.K..

In 2020 CE, Nigerian president Muhammadu Buhari orders a lockdown in the cities of Lagos and Abuja after the country records 97 COVID-19 cases and one death; on this same day, U.S. infectious disease expert Anthony Fauci warns America may see between 100,000 - 200,000 deaths from COVID-19, the actual number turns out to be over one million  two hundred thousand. Two years after that, in 2022 CE, the BA.2 version of Omicron is becomes the dominant form of COVID-19 in America according to the Center for Disease Control and Prevention; on this same day, U.S. Food and Drug Administration authorizes a second Pfizer or Moderna booster shot for people over 50 or who are immunocompromised.

In 2021 CE the Megaship Ever Given is freed after nearly a week stuck in, and blocking the Suez Canal, with at least three hundred and sixty-nine vessels waiting to pass though.

Also on this day in 2021 CE, the trial of former police officer Derek Chauvin begins in Minneapolis, for the murder of George Floyd.

In 2022 CE, in a major victory for Ukraine, the Russian Federation announces it is withdrawing its badly mauled forces from around Ukraine's capital, Kyiv.

Also on this day in 2022 CE, a new study of Pluto from NASA's New Horizons footage 2015, finds evidence of cryovolcanoes and ice lava.

And also on this very same day in 2022 CE, U.S. president Joe Biden signs the Emmett Till Anti-Lynching Act into law, making lynching a federal hate crime after over 200 attempts to pass similar legislation since 1900.

In 2023 CE, researchers warn that crucial, deep Antarctic ocean currents could collapse by 42% by the year 2050 CE, stopping nutrient-dense water from flowing north, accelerating ice melt and further warming the world's oceans...

 

Reference

https://www.onthisday.com/

It happened on March 28th

On this day in the year 37 of the common era (CE) the Roman emperor Gaius Julius Caesar Augustus Germanicus, better known as Caligula, meaning little “soldier's” boots, accepts the titles of the principate (1^st Citizen), entitled to him by the Senate and the people of Rome; one hundred and fifty-four years later, the Roman emperor Pertinax is assassinated by his Praetorian Guard, who then sell the curial-chair (throne) in an auction to Didius Julianus. One hundred and eighty-one years after that, in 364 CE, the Roman emperor Valentinian I appoints his brother Flavius Valens as co-emperor.

On this day in the year 519 CE, pope Hormisdas reunites the Eastern and Western church, ending the Acacian schism at a ceremony held in the cathedral of Constantinople, the Hagia Sophia; one thousand and sixteen years later, the Bloemkamp Abbey (Oldeklooster) is attacked & destroyed in Friesland. Thirty-one years after that, in 1566 CE, the foundation stone is laid by the Knights Hospitaller Grand Master, Jean de Valette for the new city of La Valletta, Malta; three hundred and ninety-four years later, pope John XXIII appoints the first Japanese, African & Filipino cardinals. Fifty-three years after that, in 2013 CE, pope Francis becomes the first pope to wash the feet of women in the Maundy Thursday service.

On this day in 1556 CE, Philip II of Spain is formally crowned king of Spain; two hundred and twenty years later, Juan Bautista de Anza finds the site for the Presidio of San Francisco. One hundred and sixty-three years after that, in 1939 CE, the Spanish Civil War ends as Madrid falls to the Nationalists headed by Francisco Franco.

In 1738 CE the English Parliament sends an address to the king requesting that he demand redress from Spain for the “War of Jenkin's Ear;” thirty six years later, Parliament passes the Coercive Act against the interests of colonial Massachusetts. Eighty years after that, in 1854 CE, Great Britain and France declare war on Russia, expanding the Crimean War.

In 1794 CE, an alliance of forces under the prince of Coburg, defeat the French forces at Le Cateau; on this same day the Louvre opens to the public (although officially opened since August). Fifteen years after that, in 1809 CE, French forces under Marshal Claude Victor defeat the Spanish under General Gregorio Garcia de la Cuesta, killing or wounding eight thousand Spanish soldiers and opening the way to Southern Spain; one hundred and eighty years later, the Louvre Pyramid designed by I. M. Pei is inaugurated by French president François Mitterrand in Paris. Seventeen years after that,  in 2006 CE, at least one million union members, students and unemployed take to the streets in France in protest of the government's proposed First Employment Contract law.

In 1795 CE the Duchy of Courland, a northern fief of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, ceases to exist, it is annexed and becomes part of Imperial Russia during a period known as the “Partitions of Poland.”

In 1796 CE the Bethel African Methodist Church of Philadelphia becomes the first African church in the United States (U.S.); eight years later, the state of Ohio passes laws restricting the movement of black people.

In 1797 CE Nathaniel Briggs of New Hampshire patents a washing machine; one hundred and twenty-five years later, the first microfilm device is introduced.

In 1802 CE Wilhelm Olbers discovers 2 Pallas, the second known asteroid; one hundred and forty-seven years later, the English astronomer Fred Hoyle coins the term "Big Bang" in a BBC radio talk while actually arguing for the alternative "steady-state" theory concerning the structure and origin of the material universe. Thirty-six years after that, in 1985 CE, the International Cometary Explorer measures the solar wind ahead of Halley’s comet; eight years later, a Type II supernova is detected in galaxy M81 (NGC 3031).

In 1830 CE the Javanese Prince Diponegoro, leader of resistance against Dutch colonial rule is arrested by Dutch authorities during peace negotiations…because there is no honor among thieves; four years later, the U.S. US Senate censures president Andrew Jackson for taking federal deposits from the Bank of United States.

In 1866 CE the first ambulance goes into service.

In 1871 CE the San Francisco Art Association holds an open reception at 430 Pine.

In 1881 CE the "Greatest Show on Earth" is formed by P. T. Barnum and James Anthony Bailey.

In 1885 CE the Salvation Army officially organized in the United States

In 1891 CE the first World Weightlifting Championship is won by Edward Lawrence in London, England.

In 1910 CE the first seaplane takes off from water under its own power, piloted by Henri Fabre from the Étang de Berre lagoon in Martigues, France; twenty-five years later, Robert Goddard uses gyroscopes to control a rocket. Fifty years after that, in 1985 CE, the STS 51-D vehicle moves to launch it’s pad; two years later, the stacking of Discovery's solid fuel rocket boosters (SRBs) gets underway.

In 1913 CE, Guatemala becomes a signatory to the Buenos Aires copyright treaty.

In 1916 CE the first performance of Hubert Parry's setting, of Wiliam Blake's poem "Jerusalem", is performed by the City of London School choir at a “Fight for Right” meeting at the Queen’s Hall in London, England; forty-eight years later, the first true pirate radio station, England's Radio Caroline, begins regular transmission at noon from the MV Caroline off the coast of Suffolk. On that same day in 1964 CE, Madame Tussaud's Wax Museum in London unveils figures of The Beatles; the waxworks later appear on the Sgt. Pepper’s album cover; eight years later, Elvis Presley records his final Top Ten hit, a cover of "Burning Love", a song written by Dennis Linde, and first recorded by Arthur Alexander. Twenty-two years after that, in 1994 CE, the BBC Radio Five Live broadcasts for first time in United Kingdom (U.K.)

In 1927 CE the Majestic Theater opens at 245 W 44th St, NYC; designed with a modern Spanish exterior and French revival style interior by architect Herbert J. Krapp, it is largest of a theater and hotel development complex by Irving Chanin; forty-four years later, the last original edition of The Ed Sullivan Show is broadcast on CBS-TV. Six years after that, in 1977 CE, Rocky wins Best Picture at the 49^th  Academy Awards; eight years later, Neil Simon's play "Biloxi Blues" premieres in New York, New York. Thirty-seven years after that, in 2022 CE, Actor Will Smith issues an apology on Instagram to Chris Rock for slapping the Academy Awards host in the face, live on stage during the Awards ceremony.

In 1929 CE a Democratic constitution goes into effect in Ecuador; fifty-three years later, J.N. Duartes' Christian Democrats win elections in El Salvador.

In 1930 CE the Turkish cities of Constantinople and Angora change their names to Istanbul and Ankara; thirty-nine years later, the Greek poet and Nobel Prize laureate Giorgos Seferis makes a famous statement on the BBC World Service opposing the junta in Greece. Forty-four years after that, in 2013 CE, Banks in Cyprus re-open after having been closed for two weeks, when the government agrees to a ten-billion euro bailout deal with the European Union (E.U.) and the International Monetary Fund (I.M.F.)

In 1935 CE the Influential Nazi Propaganda film, Triumph of the Will, commissioned by Adolf Hitler and directed by Leni Riefenstahl, is released and shown at Nuremberg rallies.

In 1940 CE, two Dutch Fokker fighter plane crews shoot down a British RAF bomber near Rotterdam; one year later, during a sea battle at Cape Matapan, the British fleet under Cunningham defeats Italy. One year after that, in 1942 CE, two hundred and thirty-four RAF bombers begin a two-day attack of the city Lübeck, Germany; on this same day, Operation Chariot begins when the obsolete British destroyer HMS Campbeltown, rigged with explosives and flying German flags, rams the gates of the German occupied St Nazaire port in France, and self detonates; the explosion kills three hundred and sixty Germans, and disables the dry dock for duration of the war. Three years after that, in 1945 CE, the last German V-1 (buzz bomb) attack on London, England takes place.

In 1946 CE the U.S. State Department releases the Acheson-Lilienthal Report, outlining a plan for the international control of nuclear power; twenty-six years later, the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (U.S.S.R.) performs nuclear test at the Semipalatinsk Test Site in northeast Kazakhstan. Seven years after that, in 1979 CE, a partial meltdown at the Three Mile Island nuclear plant in the United States results in the release of radioactive gas and iodine into the atmosphere…there were no immediate deaths caused by the incident; two years later, France performs nuclear test.

In 1957 CE the first National Curling Championship is held.

In 1959 CE, eleven days after the Tibet uprising, China dissolves Tibet's government and installs the Panchen Lama.

In 1960 CE a whisky distillery catches fire and then explodes in Glasgow, Scotland killing twenty fire-fighters and burying them in the debris; ten years later one thousand and eighty-six people die when a 7.4 earthquake destroys two hundred and fifty-four villages in Gediz Turkey. Thirty years after that, in 2000 CE, in Murray County, Georgia, a school bus is hit by a CSX freight train…killing three children; eighteen years later, at least sixty-eight people die and scores are injured in a fire caused by a riot in the holding-cells at the Carabobo state police headquarters in Valencia, Venezuela. Six years after that, in 2024 CE, a bus crash kills forty-five Easter pilgrims from Botswana in South Africa, with one child surviving a 50 meter drop off the Mmamatlakala bridge, near Mokopane.

In 1962 CE during a Military coup in Syria, President Nazim al-Kudsi flees the country; fifty-one years later, fifteen students are killed and seven  injured after a mortar strikes Damascus University.

In 1964 my sister Raney Jill was born.

Also on this day in 1964, the Epstein-Barr virus is discovered, it is the first human tumor virus, identified by pathologists English Anthony Epstein and Yvonne Barr, their findings are published in The Lancet.

In 1967 CE the United Nations Secretary General, U Thant, makes public proposals for peace in Vietnam.

In 1972 CE, Wilt “The Stilt” Chamberlain plays his last professional basketball game.

In 1990 CE, U.S. President George H. W. Bush posthumously awards Jesse Owens the Congressional Gold Medal.

In 1991 CE, Mike Tyson admits paternity in Manhattan Family Court to Kimberly Scarborough's infant daughter.

In 1994 CE, armed Zulus demonstrate in Johannesburg, over fifty-three people are killed; on this same day, Italy's right-wing alliance under Silvio Berlusconi wins election.

In 1995 CE the World's largest bank - Japan's Mitsubishi Bank and the Bank of Tokyo merge.

In 2003 CE, during a "friendly fire" incident, two U.S. A-10 Thunderbolt IIs from the 190th Fighter Squadron, attack British tanks participating in the invasion of Iraq, killing British soldier Matty Hull; fourteen years later, the United States confirms that it is responsible for the air strike in Mosul, Iraq, which led to collapse of a building that killed more than one-hundred civilians.

In 2005 CE, an earthquake in Sumatran rocks Indonesia, at a magnitude of 8.7 it is the second strongest earthquake since 1960; twenty years later, a magnitude 7.7 earthquake, followed by a 6.4 magnitude aftershock, strikes central Myanmar, causing devastating damage across Southeast Asia, leaving more than four thousand four hundred people dead and at least seven thousand injured, with hundreds more gone missing.

In 2009 CE the first cases of H1N1 swine flu in the United States occurs in two human being in California, five years later, two cases of Ebola are reported in Liberia among people who have travelled to Guinea.

In 2014 CE the Russian Federation increases the price of gas to Ukraine by 80%.

In 2017 CE, U.S. president Donald Trump signs an “Energy Independence” executive order undoing Obama climate-control measures; also on this day, the world's largest dinosaur footprint, measuring 1.7 meters, is found in Kimberley, Western Australia.

In 2018 CE, North Korea's Kim Jong-un meets Chinese leader Xi Jinping in Beijing, China. It is his first trip outside of North Korea since coming to power in 2011.

In 2019 CE, a study of a seventy-one-year-old British woman who has never felt pain, reveals for the first time that her condition is due to a genetic mutation; the findings are published in the British Journal of Anaesthesia.

In 2020 CE, U.S. president Donald Trump makes a projection that two hundred and forty thousand American could die from COVID-19, even with restrictions in place…the actual death toll in the United States grows to 1,235,000; two years later, Mexico revises its COVID-19 death toll up by 60% to more than 321,000, giving it the second highest COVID death toll in the world at that time.

In 2022 CE, Florida Governor Ron DeSantis signs the so-called "Don't Say Gay" bill limiting classroom instruction and library access to materials relating to LGBTQ identities, social structures and intersectionality.

In 2023 CE, U.S. Vice President Kamala Harris, herself of West African descent, via the Caribbean Islands, visits the former slave port at Cape Coast Castle in Ghana as part of her tour of Ghana, Tanzania and Zambia.

In 2024 CE Sam Bankman-Fried, founder of FTX exchange, is sentenced to twenty-five years in prison after being convicted of fraud, conspiracy and money laundering.

 

Reference

https://www.onthisday.com/

It happened on March 27th

On this day in the year 196 before the common era (BCE) the Rosetta Stone (one of many) is inscribed with the Decree of Memphis proclaiming the rule of the king of Ptolemaic Egypt, Ptolemy V.

On this day in the year 1003 of the common era (CE), a peace deal is signed between Holy Roman Emperor Henry II and the Slavic pagans known as the Wends; three hundred and six years later, pope Clement V excommunicates the city of Venice and its population after Venice seized the papal city of Ferrara under arms. Twenty years after that, in 1329 CE, pope John XXII issues the papal bull In Agro Dominico, which condemns the writing of the German mystic Meister Eckhart (though not the man himself) as heretical.

On this day in the year 1513 CE the Spaniard, Juan Ponce de León and the sailors of his expedition mark their first sighting of the Florida coast.

On this day in 1599 CE English nobleman Robert Devereux becomes the lord-lieutenant of Ireland; fourteen years later, the first English child is born in Canada, at Cuper's Cove, Newfoundland, to Nicholas Guy. Twelve years after that, in 1625 CE, Charles I, king of Scotland and Ireland, ascends to the English throne; forty-three years later, the English king, Charles II grants a Royal Charter to give control of Bombay, India to the English, East India Company. Forty years after that, in 1708 CE,  James Francis Edward Stuart (James III), the prince of Wales and pretender to the throne England, flees to Dunkirk after a failed invasion attempt; one hundred and seventy-three years later, rioting takes place in Basingstoke, Hampshire to protest against the Salvation Army's daily vociferous promotion of rigid Temperance.

In 1642 CE, Jospeh,  the sixth Patriarch of Moscow and all Russia, takes office an unusual eighteen months after his predecessor passed away; two hundred and seventy-six years later, Moldova and Bessarabia join Romania.

In 1706 CE, at theage of twenty-one, Tekle Haymanot I takes the throne as emperor of Ethiopia, upon the retirement forced abdication of his father, Iyasu I

In 1709 CE the Dike at Hardinxveld breaks, flooding Alblasserwaard in the Netherlands

In 1790 CE the modern shoelace with an aglet is patented in England by Harvey Kennedy; fifty-one years later, the first steam-powered fire-engine is tested in New York, New York and all of the United States (U.S.). Seven years after that, in 1848 CE, John Parker Paynard develops a medicated adhesive plaster; one years later, Joseph Couch patents steam-powered percussion rock drill. Six years after that, in 1855 CE, Canadian geologist Abraham Gesner patents kerosene; five years later, M. L. Byrn patents a "covered gimlet screw with a 'T' handle," more popularly known as a corkscrew. Six years after that, in 1866 CE, the American Andrew Rankin patents the urinal; sixty-seven years later, polythene discovered by Reginald Gibson & Eric William Fawcett. Twenty-five years after that, in 1958 CE, CBS Labs announces their new stereophonic records.

In 1794 CE, Denmark and Sweden form a neutrality compact, on this same day, the Naval Act of 1794 is signed by President George Washington, authorizing the building of six frigates and establishing a permanent U.S. Navy. One hundred and forty-seven years later, Great Britain leases defense bases in Trinidad to the United States for ninety-nine years.

In 1808 CE, Joseph Haydn makes his final public appearance, attending a birthday performance of his oratorio The Creation (Die Schopfung) at Vienna University in Austria.

In 1836 CE, the first Mormon temple is dedicated in Kirtland, Ohio, on this same day the Mexican Army executes 425 prisoners of war serving in the Texian Army, in Goliad, Republic of Texas.

In 1863 CE the traitor, Jefferson Davis while serving as president of the treasonous Confederacy, calls for a day of fasting and prayer.

In 1866 CE, United States president Andrew Johnson vetoes the civil rights bill that later becomes 14th Amendment to the Constitution.

In 1879 CE the longest championship boxing match in history is held, lasting one hundred and thirty-six rounds; sixty-three years later, Joe Louis knocks-out Abe Simon in six rounds to retain the heavyweight boxing title in New York, New York. Forty-one years after that, in 1983 CE, Larry Holmes defeats Lucien Rodriguez in twelve rounds for the heavyweight boxing championship.

In 1884 CE the first long-distance telephone call is made between Boston, Massachusetts and New York, New York; fifty-six years later, the first radio broadcast from a ship at sea is made in the United States.

In 1900 CE, after recognizing that the war in South Africa is going to take a major commitment, the British Parliament passes the War Loan Act, calling for £35 million to support the fight against the Boers.

In 1910 CE a fire during a barn-dance in Ököritófülpös, Hungary, kills three hundred and twelve people; sixty-seven years later, five hundred eighty-three people die in aviation's worst ever disaster when two Boeing 747s collide at Tenerife airport in Spain. Three years after that, in 1980 CE, the elevator in Vaal Reefs gold mine, South Africa plunges more than 1900m killing all twenty-three miners aboard; on this same day, the Norwegian oil platform “Alexander Kielland” collapses in the North Sea, killing one hundred and twenty-three members of its two hundred and twelve person crew. Five years after that, in 1985 CE, a bus transporting school children from Vorentoe High School plunges into Westdene Dam, Johannesburg, South Africa, killing forty-two people; five years later, a bus accidentally touches high voltage wire in Karagpur India…twenty-one people die. Four years after that, in 1994 CE, a church in Piedmont Alabama collapses in tornado…nineteen people are killed; six years later, the Phillips explosion in Pasadena, Texas; kills one person; injuring seventy-one more. In 2009 CE, Situ Gintung, an artificial lake in Indonesia, fails…killing at ninety-nine people; four years later, a boat capsizes in the Philippines after a tornado, killing twenty-one people; fourteen years later, at least forty people are killed and twenty-eight injured in a fire at a migrant detention center in Ciudad Juárez on the Mexican, U.S. border.

In 1912 CE the First Lady of the United States, Helen Herron Taft and the Viscountess Chinda, wife of the Japanese Ambassador, plant two Yoshino cherry trees on the bank of the Tidal Basin in Washington, D.C.; twenty-one years later, Japan leaves the League of Nations.

In 1914 CE the first successful, non-direct blood transfusion, is performed by Dr. Albert Hustin in Brussels; one year later, Mary Mallon, also known as Typhoid Mary, is arrested and returned to quarantine on North Brother Island, New York after spending five years evading health authorities and causing several further outbreaks of typhoid.

In 1920 CE Hermann Muller of the Democratic Socialist Party in Germany (SPD) becomes the German chancellor; twenty-one years later Adolf Hitler signs Directive 27, authorizing an assault on Yugoslavia. Also on this day in 1941 CE, in Yugoslavia, a coup d’etat takes place, removing the pro-German, Prince Paul from power; two years later, Dutch resistance fighters burn and bomb the Amsterdam civil registry office in an effort to destroy records and prevent the Nazis from identifying Jews and others marked for persecution, only fifteen percent of the records are destroyed, twelve out of the nineteen participants were tried and executed by the Nazi occupation forces. Also on this day in 1943 CE, U.S. forces begin their assault on Fondouk Pass, Tunisia; one year later, two thousand Jewish people are murdered in Kaunas Lithuania; forty Jewish policemen in the Ghetto of Riga, Latvia, are shot by the Gestapo, while the Children's Aktion-Nazis collect all the Jewish children of Lovno, and one thousand French citizens of Jewish descent are taken on Transport No. 70 from the Drancy internment camp in France, to Auschwitz extermination camp in Nazi occupied Poland. Four hundred and eighty people are killed upon arrival, approximately one hundred and fifty-two survive the war. One year after those events, in 1945 CE, British prime minister Winston Churchill sails to the eastern bank of the Rhine; also on this day, the Supreme Allied Commander, general Dwight D. Eisenhower declares that the German defenses on Western Front are broken; the U.S. 20th Army Corps captures Wiesbaden, and Operation Starvation begins with the aerial mining of Japan's ports and waterways.

In 1924 CE Canada recognizes the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (U.S.S.R.); twenty-four years later, the second congress of the Workers' Party of North Korea is convened. Six years  after that, in 1950 CE the Netherlands recognizes the People's Republic of China; eight years later; Nikita Khrushchev becomes the Soviet premier as well as the first secretary of the Communist Party in the U.S.S.R..

In 1931 CE, Charlie Chaplin receives France's distinguished medal, and is inducted into Legion of Honor; on this same day, John McGraw says, “night baseball will not catch on.”

In 1933 CE the U.S. Farm Credit Administration is authorized by congress.

In 1943 CE the Blue Ribbon Town with Groucho Marx first airs on CBS Radio; two years later, Ella Fitzgerald and the Delta Rhythm Boys record, the Harold Arlen-Yip Harburg-Billy Rose song, It's Only a Paper Moon. Three years later, in 1948 CE, just eleven days after being released from prison, jazz singer Billie Holiday plays in front of a sold-out crowd at Carnegie Hall, New York, New York; two years later, Jazz pianist Erroll Garner performs a solo recital at Cleveland Music Hall, a venue for traditionally classical concerts, in Cleveland, Ohio. One year after that, in 1951 CE, Frank Sinatra records I'm a Fool to Want You; one year later, Singin' in the Rain, a musical comedy film directed by Gene Kelly and Stanley Donen and starring Gene Kelly and Debbie Reynolds, premieres at Radio City Music Hall in New York, New York. One year after that, in 1952 CE, Sun Records of Memphis, Tennessee begins releasing records; eighteen years later, Ringo Starr releases his first solo album Sentimental Journey, a collection of pre-rock standards. Three years after that, in 1973 CE, Jerry Garcia, of the Grateful Dead, is stopped for speeding and found to be in possession of the drug, lysergic acid diethylamide (L.S.D.), commonly known as acid; eight years later, Blizzard of Ozz, the debut solo album by English rock singer Ozzy Osbourne is released in the United States. On this same day in 1981 CE, John Lennon's single Watching the Wheels is released posthumously in United Kingdom; ten years later, “New Kid” Donnie Wahlberg is arrested on arson charges in Kentucky. One year after that, in 1992 CE, Columbia Records releases Bruce Springsteen's ninth and tenth studio albums: Human Touch and Lucky Town without his regular entourage of musicians, from the E-Street Band; twenty-seven years later, the British indie-rock duo Her's, featuring English guitarist and singer Stephen Fitzpatrick (age 24), and Norwegian bassist Audun Laading (age 25), together with their American manager, Trevor Engelbrektson (age 37) are killed in a car crash in Arizona.

In 1953 CE, twenty-one people die in a train crash in Conneaut, Ohio; ten years later, Richard Beeching issues a report known as the "Beeching Axe," calling for significant cuts to the U.K. railway network; eleven years later, the so-called “Great Train Robbers” are sentenced to a total of three hundred and seven years behind bars. Twelve years after that, in 1976 CE, marks the opening of the Washington, D.C. underground Metro.

In 1955 CE, at the 9th Tony Awards, The Desperate Hours (a play) and The Pajama Game (a musical) win for their respective categories; on that same day, Steve McQueen makes his network television debut in an episode of the Goodyear Playhouse, titled The Chivington Raid.

Two years after that, in 1957 CE, at the 29th Academy Awards, Around World in 80 Days, with  Ingrid Bergman and Yul Brynner wins Best Picture; six years later The Leopard, a historical film directed by Luchino Visconti, starring Burt Lancaster, Alain Delon, and Claudia Cardinale premieres in Rome, based on the novel by Giuseppe Tomasi di Lampedusa. On that same day in 1973 CE, at the 45th Academy Awards, The Godfather win Best Picture, Marlon Brando & Liza Minnelli also win for Best Actor, and Best Supporting Actress. At the awards ceremony Brando does not attend the event, and declines the Oscar to protest Hollywood’s portrayal of Native Americans in film, his declination is given in a speech presented by activist Sacheen Littlefeather; ten years later, Neil Simon's, Brighton Beach Memoirs premieres in New York, New York. One year after that, in 1984 CE, Andrew Lloyd Webber and Richard Stilgoe's rock musical Starlight Express opens at the Apollo Victoria Theatre in London's West End, the United Kingdom; one year later, the American actor, Billy Dee Williams receives a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame. One year after that, in 1986 CE, marks the Disney-MGM Studio Tour groundbreaking; three years later, the first African American soap opera, titled: Generations, premieres on NBC. Six years after that, in 1995 CE, at the 67th Academy Awards, Forrest Gump wins Best Picture; twenty-seven years later, at the 94th Academy Awards, Jessica Chastain wins Best Actress, Will Smith wins Best Actor, and physically assaults the host, Chris Rock live on stage with a slap to the face.

In 1958 CE the Havana Hilton opens in Cuba, later it serves Head Quarters for Fidel Castro and his revolutionary party.

In 1961 CE, black demonstrators in Charleston staged ride-ins on street cars; one year later, arch-bishop Rummel ends race segregation throughout the Catholic school system in New Orleans, Louisiana. Seven years after that, in 1969 CE, the Black Academy of Arts & Letters forms in Boston, Massachusetts; eight years later, Martin Luther King III meets James Earl Ray, the man who assassinated his father.

In 1964 CE, the Great Alaska Earthquake, 9.2 magnitude, generates a tsunami that kills one hundred and thirty-nine people. It is the largest earthquake in the history of the United States, and second largest in the history of the world; sixteen years later, Mount St. Helens becomes active after more than a century of dormancy.

In 1964 CE, United Nations (U.N.) troops arrive in Cyprus.

In 1969 CE, Mariner 7 launches and flies 2,190-milies above the “southern” hemisphere of Mars; three years later, Venera 8 launches to explore Venus. Forty-three years after that, in 2015 CE, the Russian Federation’s, Soyuz TMA-16M launches to deliver three crew members to the international space station to research the long-term effects of micro gravity; four years later, Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi announces the country is now a "space power" after successfully shooting down a satellite from space in a ballistic missile test. Four years after that, in 2023 CE, the possibility of bases on the moon becomes greater after 300 billion tons of water are discovered in the form of ice crystals like small glass beads on the lunar surface, and later identified in soil samples collected by China’s Chang’e-5.

In 1970 CE, the U.S.S.R. performs nuclear test at the Semipalatinsk Test Site in northeast Kazakhstan.

In 1971 CE, the Alliance Party of Northern Ireland (APNI) holds its first Annual Conference in the Ulster Hall in Belfast; one year later, the Ulster Vanguard organize an industrial strike against the imposition of direct rule on Northern Ireland by Westminster.

In 1979 CE, the U.S. Supreme Court rules 8-1 that police officers cannot randomly stop cars.

In 1984 CE the so-called "Tanker War" begins; over the space of 9 months, 44 ships, including Iranian, Iraqi, Saudi Arabian and Kuwaiti tankers, are attacked by Iraqi or Iranian warplanes or damaged by mines.

In 1985 CE, professional wrestler Hulk Hogan acquiesces to put interviewer Richard Belzer in a wrestling hold, resulting in Belzer passing out, hitting his head on the floor, and sustaining an injury that required nine stitches. Belzer sues Hogan for five-million-dollars in damages, they settle out of court and Belzer moved to France.

In 1990 CE the U.S. begins broadcasting TV Martí to Cuba in an effort to bridge the information blackout imposed by the Castro regime.

In 1991 CE the National Collegiate Athletic Association bans the University of Minn football team from postseason play in the following year.

In 2004 CE, Her Majesty’s Ship, the H.M.S. Scylla, a decommissioned Leander class frigate, is sunk as an artificial reef off Cornwall, the first of its kind in Europe.

In 2014 CE the U.N. General Assembly condemns the Russian Federation's annexation of Crimea

In 2019 CE, Facebook bans white nationalism and white supremacy on its platform following criticism that the Christchurch, New Zealand terrorist was able to live-stream his attack on its social media, demonstrating that the measures they had taken to enforce less strident policies had theretofore been ineffective…later they gave-up all together; on this same day

In 2019 CE, Special Council Robert Mueller writes a letter to the U.S. Attorney General, William Barr regarding Barr's summary of the Mueller Report, stating that Barr's letter "did not fully capture the context, nature, and substance" of the findings. "There is now public confusion about critical aspects of the results of our investigation which threatens to undermine a central purpose for which the Department appointed the Special Counsel: to assure full public confidence in the outcome of the investigations”…his critique of Mr. Barr proved to be weak-tea.

In 2020 CE, a 2.2 trillion dollar stimulus package, the largest in U.S. history, is signed into law by President Donald Trump who mused that he had “never signed anything with a 'T' on it" before; on this same day, U.K. prime minister Boris Johnson announces that he has contracted COVID-19, and will continue to lead the country, "thanks to the wizardry of modern technology" and the rigors of self-isolation. Two years after that, in 2022 CE, China announces that Shanghai will be locked to carry out COVID-19 testing, in two stages over nine days, affecting twenty-five million people.

In 2023 CE, a convicted rapist fakes his own death by self-immolation, in reality he kills someone else, and escape from prison in the ensuing confusion, “sparking” a manhunt throughout South Africa; also on this day, a female shooter kills three children and three adults at Convent Elementary, a private Christian school in Nashville, Tennessee, before being shot and killed…it is the nineteenth school shooting in the United States, in three months.

Also on this day in 2023 CE, Germany experiences one of its largest strikes in decades, bringing public transport to a halt, amid calls for higher wages, while in Scottland, Humza Yousaf is elected leader of Scottish SNP party, becoming the first ethnic minority leader of a devolved government and first Muslim to lead a major party in the U.K.

In 2024 CE Harvard University says it will remove from its library a nineteenth century book, with a binding made from human skin, taken without consent from a deceased French mental patient.

Also on this day in 2024 CE, new analysis confirms that climate change is slowing the rotation of Earth due to melting ice caps and will probably delay the next leap year by three seconds.

In 2025 CE the European space telescope Gaia is shut down after a decade of charting the Milky Way and collecting data on nearly two billion stars and other celestial objects; also on this day, the U.S. Secretary of Health, Robert F. Kennedy Jr., announces a major restructure of the U.S. Department of Health, including laying off ten thousand people…about 33% of its workforce

 

Reference

https://www.onthisday.com/

It happened on March 26th

On this day in the year 196 before the common era (BCE) Ptolemy V, aged 13, is crowned King of Ptolemaic Egypt at Memphis by the High Priest of Ptah; the Rosetta Stone is inscribed afterward to proclaim this event; three hundred and twenty-three years later, the Greek astronomer and mathematician Ptolemy begins his observations of the heavens, which he continues to document for the next fourteen years.

On this day in the year 685 of the common era (CE), St. Cuthbert is consecrated bishop of Lindisfarne by archbishop Theodore at York, England; three hundred and forty-two years later, pope John XIX crowns Conrad II as the “Holy Roman” emperor, founding the Salian dynasty. Nine hundred and forty years after that, in 1967 CE, pope Paul VI issues the encyclical Populorum Progression; eighteen years later, pope John Paul II proclaims the first ever World Youth Day; forty-eight years later, the remains of Richard III of England (1452-85) are reburied at Leicester Cathedral in England after being discovered under a carpark in Leicester in 2012.

On this day in the year 1484 (CE) William Caxton prints his translation of Aesop's Fables.

On this day in 1534 CE, Lübeck accepts free Dutch ships into East Sea; one hundred and fifty-eight years later, king Maximilian is installed as land guardian of South Netherlands. Two hundred and eight years after that, in 1900 CE, the first edition of The (Free) People is printed in Amsterdam, the Netherlands; three years later, an American Hotel opens in Amsterdam. Twenty-three years after that, in 1926 CE, ‘de Graeff is appointed governor general of Dutch East Indies; forty-three years later, the Dutch commission the Dodewaard nuclear reactor in the Netherlands.

In 1552 CE, Amar Das becomes the Third Sikh Guru

In 1636 CE the University of Utrecht holds its opening ceremony; twenty-seven years later, the Quebec Seminary is established by François de Montmorency-Laval, the first bishop of New France...it is the first institution of higher learning in North America. Two hundred and five years later, in 1878 CE, the Hastings College of Law is founded in San Francisco, California.

In 1752 CE the Murder Act passes into law in Great Britain, allowing for the corpses of executed murderers to be given to the Company of Surgeons for dissection and experimentation.

In 1790 CE the United States (U.S.) Congress passes the Naturalization Act, requiring a two-year period of residency before citizenship may be conferred; fourteen years later, Congress orders the removal of all Native Americans living east of Mississippi to Louisiana. One hundred and six years after that, in 1910 CE, the U.S. forbids immigration to criminals, anarchists, paupers and the sick; twenty years late, Congress appropriates fifty-thousand dollars for the Inter-American highway system.

In 1804 CE the Territory of Orleans is organized through the Louisiana Purchase.

In 1812 CE, an  Earthquake measuring 7.7 on the Richter scale destroys 90% of Caracas, Venezuela, and killing an estimated fifteen to twenty thousand people; sixty years later a 7.8 earthquake shakes Owens Valley, California.

In 1820 CE, according to Mormon scholars, the future leader of the Mormon church, Joseph Smith, has his "First Vision" in a wooded area of New York; ten years later, the Book of Mormon is published in Palmyra, New York.

In 1845 CE, Joseph Francis from NYC, patents a corrugated sheet-iron lifeboat, on this same day a patent is awarded for adhesive medicated plaster, precursor of the “Band-aid.” Twenty-seven years after that, in 1872 CE, Thomas J. Martin of Alabama, receives a U.S. patent for a pipe and valve fire extinguisher system.

In 1852 CE, Napoleon III issues the Decree of Paris Streets and officially launches the massive modernization of Paris by easing expropriation laws and empowering the executive to seize property for public utility, including road widening and sanitation. This, followed by Baron Haussmann's appointment in 1853, enabled the creation of wide boulevards, sanitation systems, and new, uniform street regulations; nineteen years later, municipal elections bring revolutionaries to power in Paris who form the short-lived Paris Commune government.

In 1859 CE the first supposed sighting of Vulcan is declared, a planet thought to orbit the sun, inside the orbit of Mercury, only the planet doesn't exist, and its sighting was something that happen in the human consciousness, similar to an AI hallucination…sometimes we just make it up.

In 1863 CE, fully committed to half measures and unmoved by basic morality, voters in West Virginia approve the gradual emancipation of slaves.

In 1881 CE Thessaly is freed from Ottoman rule becoming a part of Greece again.

In 1885 CE, Eastman Film Co. manufactures the first commercial motion picture film; forty-two years later, Alfred Hugenberg purchases the German film company UFA. On this same day, in 1927 CE, the Gaumont-British Film Corporation forms.

In 1885 CE the first modern and “legal cremation” is held at the township of Woking, in Surrey, England.

In 1895 CE, king Alfonso of Spain plants a pine sapling in Madrid, initiating Spain’s Arbor Day tradition, a precursor to the modern Earth Day movement.

In 1909 CE Russian military forces invade northern Persia to support Mohammad Ali Shah's coup d'état against the constitutional government in Persia and relieve the siege of Tabriz.

In 1924 CE, George Bernard Shaw's play Saint Joan, opens in London, England; sixteen years later, The Fifth Column, a play by Ernest Hemingway and adapted by Benjamin Glazer premieres in New York, New York courtesy of the Theater Guild

In 1926 CE the first lip-reading tournament is held in the United States.

In 1931 CE, Leo Bentley bowls three consecutive perfect games in Lorain, Ohio.

In 1934 CE, driving tests are introduced in Britain.

In 1935 CE, RJ Mitchell & Major Sorley discuss the armament of Supermarine Spitfire.

In 1937 CE, the spinach growers of Crystal City, Texas erect statue of Popeye; also on this day, William H. Hastie becomes the first person of African descent to hold a federal judgeship, in the Virgin Islands, U.S..

In 1942 CE the first "Eichmann transport" carries the condemned to Auschwitz and Birkenau concentration camps, also on this day a German offensive in North Africa under General Erwin Rommel fails. One year later, in 1943 CE, Elsie S. Ott is becomes the first female to be awarded U.S. Air Force Medal; one year later, seven hundred and five British bombers attack Essen, Germany. One year after that, in 1945 CE, allied generals Dwight D. Eisenhower, Omar Bradley and George S. Patton launch an attack at Remagen on the Rhine, and the U.S. 7^th Army crosses Worms while Churchill looks on; also on this day, allies led by the U.S. Marine Corps secure the island of Iwo Jima, taking it from Imperial Japanese Army, after eighteen thousand Japanese, and six thousand Americans are killed. Later that day in 1945 CE, there is a Kamikaze attack on the U.S. battle fleet near Kerama Retto.

In 1953 CE, Dr. Jonas Salk announces that he has successfully tested a vaccine to prevent polio, clinical trials begin; three years later, the Medic Alert Foundation forms. Sixty-two years after that, in 2018 CE, a U.S. soldier receives the world's first penis-and-scrotum transplant at John’s Hopkins University in Baltimore, Maryland; one year later, the maker of Oxycontin, Purdue Pharma, agrees to pay the State of Oklahoma a two hundred, and seventy million dollar settlement ahead of trial, after facing accusations that company had been intentionally fueling the American opioid epidemic. On this same day in 2019 CE, a state of emergency is declared in Rockland County, New York due to an outbreak of the measles epidemic, with unvaccinated children banned from public spaces for thirty days after one hundred and fifty three cases.

In 1954 CE the United States performs atmospheric nuclear test at Bikini Island; sixteen years later, the five-hundredth nuclear explosion since 1945 is announced by the U.S. government. Thirteen years after that, in 1983 CE, the U.S. performs nuclear test at Nevada Test Site.

In 1955 CE The Ballad of Davy Crockett, recorded by Bill Hayes becomes the #1 record in U.S.; fifteen years later, folk singer Peter Yarrow (Peter, Paul & Mary) pleads guilty to "taking immoral liberties" with a 14-year-old girl and serves 3 months in prison. He is granted presidential pardon by Ronald Regan in 1981. Six years after that, in 1976 CE, Wings release the album: Wings at the Speed of Sound; one year later, Elvis Costello releases his first record: Less Than Zero. Three years after that, in 1980 CE, The Police perform in Bombay gets, it is the nation’s first rock concert in a decade; two years later, Paul McCartney and Stevie Wonder release the single: Ebony & Ivory in the UK. Three years after that, in 1986 CE, Geffen records signs Guns & Roses; thirty-six years later, the British rock band Genesis performs the final concert of their farewell tour at the O2 Arena in London, England.

In 1958 CE, at the 30^th Academy Awards, The Bridge on the River Kwai wins Best Picture, eleven years later, Marcus Welby, M.D., starring Robert Young and James Brolin debuts as a TV movie on ABC-TV, prior to becoming a weekly series. Two years after that, in 1971 CE The Benny Hill Show tops TV ratings in UK; two years later, the television soap opera, The Young & the Restless, premieres on CBS. Two years after that, in 1975 CE, Ken Russell's film Tommy, based on the rock opera by The Who, premieres in London; Roger Daltrey and Ann-Margret star, Tina Turner and Elton John are featured; fifteen years later, Japanese filmmaker Akira Kurosawa wins the Academy Award for Lifetime Achievement. Five years after that, in 2000 CE, American Beauty, wins best picture at the 72^nd Academy Awards; eighteen years later, Marvel’s Black Panther becomes the highest-grossing superhero film in America.

In 1958 CE the U.S. Army launches America's third successful satellite, Explorer III; eleven years later, the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (U.S.S.R.) launches the weather satellite Meteor I. Twelve years after that, in 1981 CE, the U.S.S.R.’s Soyuz T-4 lands, six years later, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration’s (N.A.S.A.) launches Fltsatcom-6…it fails to reach orbit.

In 1960 CE the Baltimore Orioles and Cincinnati Reds have a series planned for Havana, Cuba moved to Miami, Florida; sixteen years later, the American League approves the purchase of the Toronto franchise by LaBatt Brewing for seven Million dollars. Three years after that, in 1979 CE, the San Diego Padres and the San Francisco Giants announce plans to play exhibition series in Tokyo…the Giant’s players reject it.

In 1962 CE the U.S. Supreme Court ratifies the concept of one-person-one-vote for the apportionment of seats in state legislatures.

In 1966 CE, large-scale anti-Vietnam War protests take place in the United States, including in New York City, Washington, D.C. and Chicago; sixteen years later, the groundbreaking takes place in Washington, D.C. for Vietnam Veterans Memorial, a conflict that claimed the lives, of fifty-nine thousand Americans, while wounding one hundred and fifty-four thousand more service men and women.

In 1970 CE, in Northern Ireland, The Police Act becomes law; providing for the disarmament of the Royal Ulster Constabulary (R.U.C.) and the establishment of an R.U.C. reserve force; two years later, William Whitelaw appointed as the first Secretary of State for Northern Ireland.

In 1972 CE the LA Lakers break the NBA wins record by winning 69 of 82 games…this record stands twenty-four years.

In 1973 CE Susan Shaw becomes the first woman in one hundred and seventy-one years to step foot inside the London Stock exchange; four years later, Focus on the Family is founded by American evangelist Dr. James Dobson.

In 1974 CE, George Foreman win a technical knock-out in his match with Ken Norton, winning the combined titles Heavyweight Champion of the World from the World Boxing Association (W.B.A.), the World Boxing Council (W.B.C.) and the The Ring, in Caracas, Venezuela; eighteen years later, Mike Tyson is sentenced to ten years in prison for the rape of Desiree Washington.

In 1974 CE the Romanian communist party names party leader Nicolae Ceaușescu as president.

In 1975 CE The Biological Weapons Convention is enacted with the force of international law.

In 1976 CE, queen Elizabeth II of England, sends the first royal e-mail from the Royal Signals and Radar Establishment.

In 1979 CE Israeli Prime Minister Menachem Begin and Egyptian President Anwar Sadat sign the Egypt-Israel Peace Treaty in Washington, D.C.; also on this day, OPEC announces a 14.5% price increase for crude oil.

In 2001 CE. Kazakhstan's Prime Minister opens an oil pipeline from the giant Tengiz Field to the Russian port of Novorossiysk, giving the Central Asian producer its first direct link to international markets.

In 1996 CE The International Monetary Fund (I.M.F.) approves a 10.2 billion-dollar loan for Russia; one year later, thirty-nine bodies are found in in Rancho Santa Fe, California as a part of the Heaven's Gate cult-suicides. Two years after that, in 1999 CE, a jury in Michigan finds Dr. Jack Kevorkian guilty of second-degree murder for administering a lethal injection to a terminally ill man; also on this day in 1999 CE, the "Melissa worm" infects Microsoft Word processing and email systems around the world.

In 2012 CE, Canadian filmmaker James Cameron becomes the first person to visit Challenger Deep in over 50 years…it is the deepest point on Earth.

In 2017 CE, anti-corruption protests in Russia result in hundreds arrested including opposition leader Alexei Navalny; also on this day, Carrie Lam is the first woman elected to lead Hong Kong by the Beijing-influenced electoral committee. One year after that, in 2018 CE, the United States, the European Union and Ukraine expel more than one hundred diplomats from the Russian Federation in response to Russia’s use of nerve gas as a tool of assignation in United Kingdom.

In 2018 CE the American entertainer and entrepreneur, Stormy Daniels, in an interview with CBS's 60 Minutes claims she had an affair with Donald Trump and was threatened to keep quiet about it, before being paid to be quiet about…

Also on this day in 2018 CE, the U.S. Federal Trade Commission confirms it will investigate Facebook over privacy concerns; one year later, the European Parliament votes for changes to copyright laws, making internet companies responsible for copyright infringements. Seven years after that, in 2026 CE, Meta and YouTube lose a landmark social media addiction trial, awarding $6 million in damages to a 20-year-old woman.

In 2019 CE, a painting by Pablo Picasso, Buste de Femme (Dora Maar, 1938), is recovered by a Dutch detective after having been stolen twenty-years earlier.

In 2020 CE, confirmed cases of COVID-19 in the United States exceed all other countries on this date, with 81,578 cases and 1,180 deaths…according to the New York Times; also on this day, a record number of Americans file for unemployment: 3.3 million according to the U.S. Department of Labor.

In 2020 CE the United States Justice Department, in an unequal exercise of its legal authority, charges Venezuelan president Nicolás Maduro and other officials in his administration with "narco-terrorism," a crime for which there is no statute, ostensibly for flooding the America with drugs, though there are many other responsible parties including other state actors who are not given the same treatment.

In 2022 CE, U.S. President Joe Biden says of Russian President Vladimir Putin, “For God’s sake, this man cannot remain in power" in unscripted remarks in Poland…he had failed to come to Ukraine’s aid in their hour of need, and in contravention to treaty obligations that the United States had entered into when Ukraine gave up their Nuclear Weapons at the end of the Cold War, together with N.A.T.O. and their allies in Europe to defend Ukraine in the face of Russian aggression,

In 2024 CE the Francis Scott Key Bridge in Baltimore is struck by a Singapore-flagged cargo ship that had lost power (steering), causing the 1.6-mile-long, forty-seven-year-old structure to completely collapse…six maintenance workers lost their lives.

In 2025 CE, Masaki Kashiwara is the first Japanese mathematician to be awarded Mathematics' greatest award, the Abel Prize, for his work on the theory of symmetry.

 

Reference

https://www.onthisday.com/