On this day in the year 1084 of
the common era (CE) the Anti-pope Clement crowns the German king, Hendrik IV,
as the holy Roman emperor; sixty-two years later, at the council of Vézelay Bernard
of Clairvaux preaches a sermon in a field, urging the necessity of a Second
Crusade; Louis VII and Eleanor of Aquitaine were present and heed the call. One
hundred and forty-six years after that, in 1492 CE, Queen Isabella I of Castile
and King Ferdinand II of Aragon issue the Alhambra Decree expelling Jews from
their kingdoms; three years later, pope Alexander VI forms the anti-French
alliance with the League of Venice, who’s members were the archduke of Austria
Maximilian I, Ferdinand II of Aragon, Ludovico Sforza the duke of Milan, and
the Republic of Venice. Twenty-six years after that, in 1521 CE, the first Mass
is held in the Philippines, generally believed to be on the Island of Limasawa
in the Archipelago of St Lazarus by Ferdinand Magellan and fifty of his men…they
take possession of the island the same day; one hundred and thirty-six years
later, the English Parliament presents the Humble Petition and Advice to the lord
protector Oliver Cromwell, they performatively offer him the crown and he performatively
declines. Twenty-six years after that, in 1683 CE, the so-called holy Roman emperor,
Leopold I and king John III Sobieski of Poland sign a covenant against the Turkish
Empire and for the so-called Holy League; thirty four years later, Benjamin
Hoadly, the Bishop of Bangor, provokes the Bangorian Controversy with his sermon
on The Nature of the Kingdom of Christ. One hundred and five years after that,
in 1822 CE, the population of the Greek island of Chios are massacred by
soldiers of the Ottoman Empire following an attempted rebellion attempt…famously
depicted by Eugène Delacroix, oil on canvas; eighty-three years later, emperor
Wilhelm II of Germany visits Tangier in Morocco to proclaim Germany's support
of Moroccan independence and equal opportunity for all powers to trade there.
Two years after that, in 1907 CE, the Romanian Army puts down the Moldavian
farmers' revolt; two years later, in a diplomatic note to Austrian-Hungarian
empire, Serbia recognizes the Bosnian annexation, and promises to maintain
friendly relations.
On this day in the year 1651 CE,
the great earthquake at Cuzco, Peru takes place; three hundred and thirty-two
years later, the Popayán Earthquake (5.5 Mw Depth) takes place in Colombia,
killing two hundred sixty-seven people, injuring some seven thousand five-hundred
more. Twenty-nine years after that, in 2012 CE, floods in Fiji kill two people
and force thousands to evacuate; one year later, eleven people are killed in
flooding at Port Louis, Mauritius. Four years after that, in 2017 CE, mudslides
caused by heavy rains sweep through Mocoa, Colombia killing more than two hundred
people; six years later, a large storm system crosses the middle of the continental
United States (U.S.), from Mississippi and Alabama to Illinois and Wisconsin,
unleashing numerous tornadoes, leaving at least thirty two people dead.
On this day in 1736 CE. Bellevue
Hospital is founded in a New York City almshouse, becoming the first public
hospital in the U.S..
In 1770 CE, Immanuel Kant is
appointed Professor of Logic and Metaphysics at the University of Königsberg, Prussia
(Kaliningrad in the modern Russian Federation).
In 1796 CE, Johann Wolfgang von
Goethe's dramatic play "Egmont" premieres in Weimar (Germany); one
hundred and ten years later, George Bernard Shaw's 1898 play "Caesar and
Cleopatra" premieres in a German version in Berlin, German Empire,
twenty-four years after that, in 1930 CE, the Motion Pictures Production Code
is instituted, imposing strict guidelines on the treatment of sex, crime,
religion and violence in film for the next four decades, nine years later, The
Hound of Baskervilles, is released, it is the first of fourteen films
starring Basil Rathbone as Sherlock Holmes and Nigel Bruce as Dr. Watson. Six
years after that, in 1945 CE Tennessee Williams' stage drama, The Glass
Menagerie, premieres in New York, New York; four years later, William Grant
Still's opera, Troubled Island with libretto by Langston Hughes and
Verna Arvey, premieres at the New York City Opera in New York. It is the first grand
opera composed by an African American to be produced by a major company. Eight years
later, in 1957 CE, Rodgers & Hammerstein's live television musical Cinderella,
starring Julie Andrews, premieres on CBS-TV; three years later, Gore Vidal's
play, Best Man, premieres in New York, New York…Melvyn Douglas, wins the
Tony award for Best Actor, for his performance. Twenty-one years after that, in
1981 CE, at the 53rd Academy Awards, Ordinary People wins Best Picture; two
years later, Monty Python's, The Meaning of Life is released in the U.S.;
nine years later, Robert Wilson, Tom Waits and William S. Burroughs' avant
garde opera, The Black Rider, premieres at the Thalia Theater in Hamburg,
Germany. One year after that, in 1991 CE, former Partridge Family star,
Danny Bonaduce attacks a transvestite prostitute in Phoenix, Arizona; eight
years later, 10 Things I Hate About You, a modern adaptation of
Shakespeare's, The Taming of the Shrew, starring Julia Stiles and Heath
Ledger, is released
In 1814 CE, forces allied against
Napoleon capture Paris; seventy-five years later, the Eiffel Tower officially
opens for dignitaries at an award ceremony in Paris, France, designed by
Gustave Eiffel and built for the Exposition Universelle, at 300 meters high it
held the record for the tallest man-made structure for the next four decades. Thirty-four
years after that, in 1923 CE, occupying French soldiers fire on workers when they
are surrounded at the Krupp auto factory in Essen, Germany; six people die and dozens
are wounded; one hundred and two years later, France's far-right leader Marine
Le Pen is found guilty of the embezzlement of European Union (E.U.) funds; she
is barred from running for office for five years.
In 1850 CE the population of the
United States reaches 23,191,876, in 2025 the U.S. Census bureau the population
is 341,800,000. The black population was 3,638,808, approximately 15.7%, today
the black population is roughly 50 million and about 14.4% of the whole…listen
folks the population is growing at rate of 0.5%; eighty-three years later.
In 1854 CE the Treaty of Kanagawa
is signed when Commodore Perry forces Japan to open its ports to U.S. trade;
twenty-three years later, a family with samurai antecedents who responded to
the Saigo army in Ōita Nakatsu, rebels.
In 1861 CE the treasonous Confederacy
takes over U.C. mint at New Orleans, Louisianna.
In 1870 CE Thomas Mundy Peterson
of Perth Amboy, New Jersey, becomes the first African American to vote in the U.S.
under provisions of the 15th Amendment to the Constitution, casting his vote in
a local election concerning the township’s charter.
In 1880 CE the town of Wabash,
Indianna becomes the first completely illuminated by electric lighting (Wabash,
Indiana); fifty-two years later, Ford publicly unveils its V-8 engine.
In 1900 CE at “Surprise of Sanna’s
Post" in the Second Boer War, one hundred and fifty troops under Brigadier
General Robert Broadwood are killed.
In 1903 CE Richard Pearse flies a
monoplane several hundred yards in New Zealand, months before the Wright brother’s
flew at Kitty Hawk; eighteen years later, the Royal Australian Air Force is
formed. Three years after that, in 1924 CE, at Croydon Airport, London, the Imperial
Airways is established in Britain; forty-two years later, the Union of Soviet Socialist
Republics (U.S.S.R.) launches Luna 10…the first lunar orbiter. Four years after
that, in 1970 CE, Explorer 1 re-enters the Earth's atmosphere after 12 years in
orbit; eight years later, the U.S.S.R. launches the Kosmos 1000 navigational
satellite. Eighteen years after that, in 1996 CE, Space Shuttle STS 76
(Atlantis 16), lands; twenty-nine years later, the SpaceX mission Fram2
launches four people aboard a Falcon 9 rocket, becoming the first crewed
spaceflight to enter a polar retrograde orbit.
In 1906 CE the Intercollegiate
Athletic Association of the United States is founded to set rules in amateur
sports; it will later become the National Collegiate Athletic Association (N.C.A.A.);
seventeen years later, the first dance marathon takes place in New York, New
York; Alma Cummings sets the record for dancing twenty-seven hours with six different
partners.
In 1909 CE, Gustav Mahler conducts
the New York Philharmonic for the first time; forty years later, RCA Victor of
Camden, New Jersey, introduces the 45 RPM record player, along with the 7-inch
single, a vinyl disc more durable than the 78 RPM shellac; the initial releases
include: Eddy Arnold's, Texarkana Baby and Spade Cooley's, Spanish
Fandango; Arthur Crudup's, Crudup's After Hours and Saul Meisel's, A
Klein Melamedl. Twenty-eight years after that, in 1967 CE, Jimi Hendrix burns
his guitar (and his fingers) at the Astoria theatre in Finsbury Park, London; two
years later, George Harrison and Pattie Boyd are fined £250 each for possession
of illegal drugs. Three years after that, in 1972 CE, the Official Beatles Fan
Club closes down; six years later, Wings release the album, London Town. Four
years after that, in 1982 CE, The Doobie Brothers split up; twenty-seven years
later, the single Boom Boom Pow is released by The Black Eyed Peas, it
later wins the Grammy Award for Best Music Video, and is named the Billboard
Song of the Year. Ten years after that, in 2019 CE, Elton John joins George
Clooney's call to boycott hotels owned by the Sultan of Brunei after Brunei
plans new anti-gay laws to make homosexual sex punishable by death; on that
same day, rapper and activist Nipsey Hussle is fatally shot outside his
clothing store in Los Angeles, California. Two years after that, in 2021 CE, Paul
Simon sells his entire songwriting catalog of over four hundred songs to Sony
Music for an undisclosed sum.
In 1909 CE the National Baseball
Commission rules that players who jump contracts are to be suspended for five
years, and players who join “outlaw” organizations are to be suspended for three
years; fifty-nine years later, Seattle's American League (AL) club is dubbed
the Pilots. Two years after that, in 1970 CE, a Federal bankruptcy court allows
the Seattle Pilots to be sold to Milwaukee; twenty-four years later, the walkway
from Cleveland's Tower City to Jacobs Field officially opens. One year after
that, in 1995 CE, Supreme Court justice Sonia Sotomayor, while serving as a
federal judge on U.S. District Court in New York, New York issues an injunction
against Major League Baseball (MLB) owners in a move that effectively ends two
hundred and thirty-two day strike; one year later, for the first time in MLB
history, the regular season opens in March with the Seattle Mariners beating the
Chicago White Sox, 3-2 in twelve innings at the Kingdome in Seattle, Washington.
Two years after that, in 1998 CE, the expansion clubs, Tampa Bay and Arizona
both suffer losses in their MLB debuts; the Devil Rays lose, 11-6 to the
Detroit Tigers and the Diamondbacks fall, 9-2 to the Colorado Rockies; on this
same day, Milwaukee Brewers who became the first team since the inception of
the AL to switch leagues, and lose their first National League (NL) game, 2-1
to the Braves in Atlanta, Georgia. Five years after that, in 2003 CE, the
Cincinnati Reds open their new home, “The Great American Ball Park,” with a
10-1 loss to the Pittsburgh Pirates…former President George H. W. Bush throws the
first ceremonial pitch; one year later, with a 12-1 defeat of the Tampa Bay
Devil Rays in Tokyo, the New York Yankees starter Kevin Brown becomes only the second
pitcher in MLB history to have beaten all 30 teams.
In 1916 CE the Dutch government announces
its intention to end all military engagements; one year later, the Danish West
Indies are officially ceded to the United States for twenty-five million dollars
and were subsequently renamed the Virgin Islands. Five years after that, in 1922
CE, prince Hendrik of the Netherlands opens the Trade Fair building in
Amsterdam.
In 1918 CE, daylight saving time goes
into effect in the United States.
In 1920 CE the British Parliament
accepts the Government of Ireland Act, known as the Fourth Home Rule Bill; one
year later British coal miners go on strike. Three years after that, in 1924
CE, the London public transport strike ends; forty-four years later, following
an Orange Order parade, intense riots erupt on the Springfield Road in Belfast;
the violence lasts for three days, and the British Army uses CS gas for the
first time against Irish protesters…in large quantities. Eleven years after
that, in 1979 CE, the last British soldier leaves the Maltese Islands, while Malta
declares its Freedom Day (Jum il-Helsien); eleven years later, major riots
occur in London and other British towns in protest against the new Community
Charge and poll tax laws.
In 1926 CE the German Special
Court of Justice for State Security disbands; thirteen years later Britain
& France agree to support Poland if the country is invaded by Germany…this
did not happen. Four years after that, in 1943 CE, the U.S. errantly bombs
Rotterdam, killing three hundred and twenty-six people; one year later, Hungary
orders all Jews to wear yellow stars. One year after that, in 1945 CE, the 3rd
Algerian division crosses the Rhine; on this same day Sicherheitsdienst murders
ten political prisoners in Zutphen. Meanwhile, on this same day in 1945 CE, on
the other side of the world, U.S. artillery lands on Keise Shima and begins
firing on the Island of Okinawa.
In 1932 CE, one hundred and fifty wild
swans die in Niagara Falls on the border of New York State and the Canadian
Province of Ontario.
In 1933 CE, the U.S. Congress
authorizes the Civilian Conservation Corps; fifteen years later, the U.S.
Congress passes the Marshall Aid Act to rehabilitate war-torn Europe. Five
years after that, in 1953 CE, the U.S. Department of Health, Education &
Welfare is established.
In 1940 CE, Karelo-Finnlandia
becomes the twelfth republic to join the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics
(U.S.S.R.); fourteen years later, the U.S.S.R. offers to join the North Atlantic
Treaty Organization (N.A.T.O.), a alliance of democratic nations organized to
counter Soviet aggression. Thirty-seven years after that, the Soviet Republic
of Georgia votes on whether to remain in the Soviet Union and endorses
independence, whereupon the Warsaw Pact, a treaty alliance aimed at countering
N.A.T.O. influence, dissolves.
In 1946 CE the first election is
held in Greece after World War II.
In 1949 CE, Newfoundland becomes
Canada's tenth province; eleven years later, First Nations people are granted
the right to vote in Canada, without giving up their Indian status, in repeal
of part of Canada Elections Act.
In 1951 CE a column of U.S. tanks
exceed the 38th Latitude, in a United Nations (U.N.) police action,
seen as an invasion of People’s Republic of North Korea.
In 1955 a Merger of Chase National
Bank, the third largest bank in the world, and Bank of Manhattan, the fifteenth
largest bank in the world, forming the Chase Manhattan Bank.
In 1958 CE the U.S. Navy forms its
atomic submarine division; fourteen years later marks the final day of the rum-ration
in the Royal Canadian Navy.
In 1958 CE the U.S.S.R. suspends
nuclear weapons tests, and urges the United States and the United Kingdom to do
same; twenty-six years later, the U.S. performs nuclear test at Nevada Test
Site
In 1963 CE the city of Los Angeles,
California ends its streetcar service after ninety years in operation.
In 1965 CE, an Iberia Airlines
Convair 440 crashes into the sea on approach to Tangier killing forty-seven people,
leaving four survivors; twenty-one years later, a Mexicana Airlines Boeing 727
crashes, killing one hundred and sixty-seven people. Three years after that, in
1989 CE, future president of the United States, Donald Trump purchases Eastern
Airlines' Northeast Shuttle and bankrupts it almost immediately.
In 1966 CE, twenty-five thousand antiwar
demonstrators march in New York, New York; two years later, U.S. president
Lyndon B. Johnson announces in an address to the nation that he will not seek
re-election; two years later Johnson authorizes a troop surge in Vietnam,
bringing the total number of U.S. soldiers, sailors and Marines deployed in the
“conflict” to a peak of 549,500. Three years after that, 1971 CE, William
Calley is sentenced to life for his roll in the Mi Lai Massacre, Vietnam.
In 1969 CE the NY Times reviews Slaughterhouse-Five,
by Kurt Vonnegut, stating: "you'll either love it, or push it back in the
science-fiction corner;" nineteen years later, the Pulitzer Prize is awarded
to Toni Morrison for her novel, Beloved.
In 1973 CE, Billie Jean King ends Margaret
Court's fifty-seven match winning streak in semi-finals of the WTA event in
Indianapolis, Indianna
In 1973 CE Muhammad Ali suffers a
broken jaw in a shock split-points decision loss to Ken Norton after twelve rounds
in San Diego, California…Ali wins rematch in another controversial split
decision; seven years later, in almost concurrent heavyweight boxing
championship fights: Larry Holmes defeats Leroy Jones in eight rounds with a
technical knock-out, for the World Boxing Council’s title in Las Vegas, Nevada,
while Mike Weaver knock’s out John Tate in fifteen rounds for the World Boxing Association’s
belt in Knoxville, Tennessee.
In 1980 CE, U.S. president Jimmy
Carter deregulates the banking industry; forty-one years later, president Joe
Biden overturns his predecessor’s (Donald Trump) restrictions on transgender
people serving in the armed forces. On the same day in 2021 CE, Joe Biden unveils
the "American Jobs Plan," one of the largest infrastructure plans in
United States history, worth two-trillion dollars.
In 1985 CE, El Salvador's president,
José Napoleón Duarte's Christian Democratic Party wins election…much suffering
ensues.
In 1991 CE the nation of Albania
holds its first multi-party election in fifty years.
Also in 1991 CE the establishment
of the Islamic Constitutional Movement is marked as beginning in Hadas, Kuwait;
one year later, the U.N. Security Council votes to ban flights and arms sales
to Libya. Twelve years after that, in 2004 CE, in Fallujah, Iraq, four American
private military contractors working for Blackwater USA are killed, and their
bodies mutilated after being ambushed.
In 1994 CE the Journal Nature
reports the finding in Ethiopia of the first complete Australopithecus
afarensis skull; twenty-eight years later, the first truly complete sequence of
a human genome is published by the Telomere-to-Telomere (T2T) consortium, after
breakthroughs in new technology.
In 2007 CE, in Sydney, Australia, two
million, two hundred thousand people take part in the first Earth Hour.
In 2013 CE, two people die from
bird-flu (type H7N9) in China.
In 2020 CE British pensioner
Robert Weighton becomes the world's oldest man at 112 years of age.
In 2021 CE Alfred Aho and Jeffrey
Ullman win the Turing Award for their work inventing computer program compilers;
also on this day, French president Emmanuel Macron announces a new pandemic
lockdown, closing schools for three weeks with new national restrictions/ And again,
on this day in 2021 CE, the State of New York legalizes recreational use of
marijuana in legislation signed by Governor Andrew Cuomo…commercial sales not
legal for eighteen months.
Reference
https://www.onthisday.com/
