On this day in the year 196 before the common era (BCE) the Rosetta Stone (one of many) is inscribed with the Decree of Memphis proclaiming the rule of the king of Ptolemaic Egypt, Ptolemy V.
On this day in the year 1003 of the common era (CE), a peace deal is signed between Holy Roman Emperor Henry II and the Slavic pagans known as the Wends; three hundred and six years later, pope Clement V excommunicates the city of Venice and its population after Venice seized the papal city of Ferrara under arms. Twenty years after that, in 1329 CE, pope John XXII issues the papal bull In Agro Dominico, which condemns the writing of the German mystic Meister Eckhart (though not the man himself) as heretical.
On this day in the year 1513 CE the Spaniard, Juan Ponce de León and the sailors of his expedition mark their first sighting of the Florida coast.
On this day in 1599 CE English nobleman Robert Devereux becomes the lord-lieutenant of Ireland; fourteen years later, the first English child is born in Canada, at Cuper's Cove, Newfoundland, to Nicholas Guy. Twelve years after that, in 1625 CE, Charles I, king of Scotland and Ireland, ascends to the English throne; forty-three years later, the English king, Charles II grants a Royal Charter to give control of Bombay, India to the English, East India Company. Forty years after that, in 1708 CE, James Francis Edward Stuart (James III), the prince of Wales and pretender to the throne England, flees to Dunkirk after a failed invasion attempt; one hundred and seventy-three years later, rioting takes place in Basingstoke, Hampshire to protest against the Salvation Army's daily vociferous promotion of rigid Temperance.
In 1642 CE, Jospeh, the sixth Patriarch of Moscow and all Russia, takes office an unusual eighteen months after his predecessor passed away; two hundred and seventy-six years later, Moldova and Bessarabia join Romania.
In 1706 CE, at theage of twenty-one, Tekle Haymanot I takes the throne as emperor of Ethiopia, upon the retirement forced abdication of his father, Iyasu I
In 1709 CE the Dike at Hardinxveld breaks, flooding Alblasserwaard in the Netherlands
In 1790 CE the modern shoelace with an aglet is patented in England by Harvey Kennedy; fifty-one years later, the first steam-powered fire-engine is tested in New York, New York and all of the United States (U.S.). Seven years after that, in 1848 CE, John Parker Paynard develops a medicated adhesive plaster; one years later, Joseph Couch patents steam-powered percussion rock drill. Six years after that, in 1855 CE, Canadian geologist Abraham Gesner patents kerosene; five years later, M. L. Byrn patents a "covered gimlet screw with a 'T' handle," more popularly known as a corkscrew. Six years after that, in 1866 CE, the American Andrew Rankin patents the urinal; sixty-seven years later, polythene discovered by Reginald Gibson & Eric William Fawcett. Twenty-five years after that, in 1958 CE, CBS Labs announces their new stereophonic records.
In 1794 CE, Denmark and Sweden form a neutrality compact, on this same day, the Naval Act of 1794 is signed by President George Washington, authorizing the building of six frigates and establishing a permanent U.S. Navy. One hundred and forty-seven years later, Great Britain leases defense bases in Trinidad to the United States for ninety-nine years.
In 1808 CE, Joseph Haydn makes his final public appearance, attending a birthday performance of his oratorio The Creation (Die Schopfung) at Vienna University in Austria.
In 1836 CE, the first Mormon temple is dedicated in Kirtland, Ohio, on this same day the Mexican Army executes 425 prisoners of war serving in the Texian Army, in Goliad, Republic of Texas.
In 1863 CE the traitor, Jefferson Davis while serving as president of the treasonous Confederacy, calls for a day of fasting and prayer.
In 1866 CE, United States president Andrew Johnson vetoes the civil rights bill that later becomes 14th Amendment to the Constitution.
In 1879 CE the longest championship boxing match in history is held, lasting one hundred and thirty-six rounds; sixty-three years later, Joe Louis knocks-out Abe Simon in six rounds to retain the heavyweight boxing title in New York, New York. Forty-one years after that, in 1983 CE, Larry Holmes defeats Lucien Rodriguez in twelve rounds for the heavyweight boxing championship.
In 1884 CE the first long-distance telephone call is made between Boston, Massachusetts and New York, New York; fifty-six years later, the first radio broadcast from a ship at sea is made in the United States.
In 1900 CE, after recognizing that the war in South Africa is going to take a major commitment, the British Parliament passes the War Loan Act, calling for £35 million to support the fight against the Boers.
In 1910 CE a fire during a barn-dance in Ököritófülpös, Hungary, kills three hundred and twelve people; sixty-seven years later, five hundred eighty-three people die in aviation's worst ever disaster when two Boeing 747s collide at Tenerife airport in Spain. Three years after that, in 1980 CE, the elevator in Vaal Reefs gold mine, South Africa plunges more than 1900m killing all twenty-three miners aboard; on this same day, the Norwegian oil platform “Alexander Kielland” collapses in the North Sea, killing one hundred and twenty-three members of its two hundred and twelve person crew. Five years after that, in 1985 CE, a bus transporting school children from Vorentoe High School plunges into Westdene Dam, Johannesburg, South Africa, killing forty-two people; five years later, a bus accidentally touches high voltage wire in Karagpur India…twenty-one people die. Four years after that, in 1994 CE, a church in Piedmont Alabama collapses in tornado…nineteen people are killed; six years later, the Phillips explosion in Pasadena, Texas; kills one person; injuring seventy-one more. In 2009 CE, Situ Gintung, an artificial lake in Indonesia, fails…killing at ninety-nine people; four years later, a boat capsizes in the Philippines after a tornado, killing twenty-one people; fourteen years later, at least forty people are killed and twenty-eight injured in a fire at a migrant detention center in Ciudad Juárez on the Mexican, U.S. border.
In 1912 CE the First Lady of the United States, Helen Herron Taft and the Viscountess Chinda, wife of the Japanese Ambassador, plant two Yoshino cherry trees on the bank of the Tidal Basin in Washington, D.C.; twenty-one years later, Japan leaves the League of Nations.
In 1914 CE the first successful, non-direct blood transfusion, is performed by Dr. Albert Hustin in Brussels; one year later, Mary Mallon, also known as Typhoid Mary, is arrested and returned to quarantine on North Brother Island, New York after spending five years evading health authorities and causing several further outbreaks of typhoid.
In 1920 CE Hermann Muller of the Democratic Socialist Party in Germany (SPD) becomes the German chancellor; twenty-one years later Adolf Hitler signs Directive 27, authorizing an assault on Yugoslavia. Also on this day in 1941 CE, in Yugoslavia, a coup d’etat takes place, removing the pro-German, Prince Paul from power; two years later, Dutch resistance fighters burn and bomb the Amsterdam civil registry office in an effort to destroy records and prevent the Nazis from identifying Jews and others marked for persecution, only fifteen percent of the records are destroyed, twelve out of the nineteen participants were tried and executed by the Nazi occupation forces. Also on this day in 1943 CE, U.S. forces begin their assault on Fondouk Pass, Tunisia; one year later, two thousand Jewish people are murdered in Kaunas Lithuania; forty Jewish policemen in the Ghetto of Riga, Latvia, are shot by the Gestapo, while the Children's Aktion-Nazis collect all the Jewish children of Lovno, and one thousand French citizens of Jewish descent are taken on Transport No. 70 from the Drancy internment camp in France, to Auschwitz extermination camp in Nazi occupied Poland. Four hundred and eighty people are killed upon arrival, approximately one hundred and fifty-two survive the war. One year after those events, in 1945 CE, British prime minister Winston Churchill sails to the eastern bank of the Rhine; also on this day, the Supreme Allied Commander, general Dwight D. Eisenhower declares that the German defenses on Western Front are broken; the U.S. 20th Army Corps captures Wiesbaden, and Operation Starvation begins with the aerial mining of Japan's ports and waterways.
In 1924 CE Canada recognizes the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (U.S.S.R.); twenty-four years later, the second congress of the Workers' Party of North Korea is convened. Six years after that, in 1950 CE the Netherlands recognizes the People's Republic of China; eight years later; Nikita Khrushchev becomes the Soviet premier as well as the first secretary of the Communist Party in the U.S.S.R..
In 1931 CE, Charlie Chaplin receives France's distinguished medal, and is inducted into Legion of Honor; on this same day, John McGraw says, “night baseball will not catch on.”
In 1933 CE the U.S. Farm Credit Administration is authorized by congress.
In 1943 CE the Blue Ribbon Town with Groucho Marx first airs on CBS Radio; two years later, Ella Fitzgerald and the Delta Rhythm Boys record, the Harold Arlen-Yip Harburg-Billy Rose song, It's Only a Paper Moon. Three years later, in 1948 CE, just eleven days after being released from prison, jazz singer Billie Holiday plays in front of a sold-out crowd at Carnegie Hall, New York, New York; two years later, Jazz pianist Erroll Garner performs a solo recital at Cleveland Music Hall, a venue for traditionally classical concerts, in Cleveland, Ohio. One year after that, in 1951 CE, Frank Sinatra records I'm a Fool to Want You; one year later, Singin' in the Rain, a musical comedy film directed by Gene Kelly and Stanley Donen and starring Gene Kelly and Debbie Reynolds, premieres at Radio City Music Hall in New York, New York. One year after that, in 1952 CE, Sun Records of Memphis, Tennessee begins releasing records; eighteen years later, Ringo Starr releases his first solo album Sentimental Journey, a collection of pre-rock standards. Three years after that, in 1973 CE, Jerry Garcia, of the Grateful Dead, is stopped for speeding and found to be in possession of the drug, lysergic acid diethylamide (L.S.D.), commonly known as acid; eight years later, Blizzard of Ozz, the debut solo album by English rock singer Ozzy Osbourne is released in the United States. On this same day in 1981 CE, John Lennon's single Watching the Wheels is released posthumously in United Kingdom; ten years later, “New Kid” Donnie Wahlberg is arrested on arson charges in Kentucky. One year after that, in 1992 CE, Columbia Records releases Bruce Springsteen's ninth and tenth studio albums: Human Touch and Lucky Town without his regular entourage of musicians, from the E-Street Band; twenty-seven years later, the British indie-rock duo Her's, featuring English guitarist and singer Stephen Fitzpatrick (age 24), and Norwegian bassist Audun Laading (age 25), together with their American manager, Trevor Engelbrektson (age 37) are killed in a car crash in Arizona.
In 1953 CE, twenty-one people die in a train crash in Conneaut, Ohio; ten years later, Richard Beeching issues a report known as the "Beeching Axe," calling for significant cuts to the U.K. railway network; eleven years later, the so-called “Great Train Robbers” are sentenced to a total of three hundred and seven years behind bars. Twelve years after that, in 1976 CE, marks the opening of the Washington, D.C. underground Metro.
In 1955 CE, at the 9th Tony Awards, The Desperate Hours (a play) and The Pajama Game (a musical) win for their respective categories; on that same day, Steve McQueen makes his network television debut in an episode of the Goodyear Playhouse, titled The Chivington Raid.
Two years after that, in 1957 CE,
at the 29th Academy Awards, Around World in 80 Days, with Ingrid Bergman and Yul Brynner wins Best
Picture; six years later The Leopard, a historical film directed by
Luchino Visconti, starring Burt Lancaster, Alain Delon, and Claudia Cardinale
premieres in Rome, based on the novel by Giuseppe Tomasi di Lampedusa. On that
same day in 1973 CE, at the 45th Academy Awards, The Godfather win Best
Picture, Marlon Brando & Liza Minnelli also win for Best Actor, and Best Supporting
Actress. At the awards ceremony Brando does not attend the event, and declines
the Oscar to protest Hollywood’s portrayal of Native Americans in film, his
declination is given in a speech presented by activist Sacheen Littlefeather;
ten years later, Neil Simon's, Brighton Beach Memoirs premieres in New York,
New York. One year after that, in 1984 CE, Andrew Lloyd Webber and Richard
Stilgoe's rock musical Starlight Express opens at the Apollo Victoria
Theatre in London's West End, the United Kingdom; one year later, the American
actor, Billy Dee Williams receives a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame. One
year after that, in 1986 CE, marks the Disney-MGM Studio Tour groundbreaking;
three years later, the first African American soap opera, titled: Generations,
premieres on NBC. Six years after that, in 1995 CE, at the 67th Academy Awards,
Forrest Gump wins Best Picture; twenty-seven years later, at the 94th Academy
Awards, Jessica Chastain wins Best Actress, Will Smith wins Best Actor, and physically
assaults the host, Chris Rock live on stage with a slap to the face.
In 1958 CE the Havana Hilton opens in Cuba, later it serves Head Quarters for Fidel Castro and his revolutionary party.
In 1961 CE, black demonstrators in Charleston staged ride-ins on street cars; one year later, arch-bishop Rummel ends race segregation throughout the Catholic school system in New Orleans, Louisiana. Seven years after that, in 1969 CE, the Black Academy of Arts & Letters forms in Boston, Massachusetts; eight years later, Martin Luther King III meets James Earl Ray, the man who assassinated his father.
In 1964 CE, the Great Alaska Earthquake, 9.2 magnitude, generates a tsunami that kills one hundred and thirty-nine people. It is the largest earthquake in the history of the United States, and second largest in the history of the world; sixteen years later, Mount St. Helens becomes active after more than a century of dormancy.
In 1964 CE, United Nations (U.N.) troops arrive in Cyprus.
In 1969 CE, Mariner 7 launches and flies 2,190-milies above the “southern” hemisphere of Mars; three years later, Venera 8 launches to explore Venus. Forty-three years after that, in 2015 CE, the Russian Federation’s, Soyuz TMA-16M launches to deliver three crew members to the international space station to research the long-term effects of micro gravity; four years later, Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi announces the country is now a "space power" after successfully shooting down a satellite from space in a ballistic missile test. Four years after that, in 2023 CE, the possibility of bases on the moon becomes greater after 300 billion tons of water are discovered in the form of ice crystals like small glass beads on the lunar surface, and later identified in soil samples collected by China’s Chang’e-5.
In 1970 CE, the U.S.S.R. performs nuclear test at the Semipalatinsk Test Site in northeast Kazakhstan.
In 1971 CE, the Alliance Party of Northern Ireland (APNI) holds its first Annual Conference in the Ulster Hall in Belfast; one year later, the Ulster Vanguard organize an industrial strike against the imposition of direct rule on Northern Ireland by Westminster.
In 1979 CE, the U.S. Supreme Court rules 8-1 that police officers cannot randomly stop cars.
In 1984 CE the so-called "Tanker War" begins; over the space of 9 months, 44 ships, including Iranian, Iraqi, Saudi Arabian and Kuwaiti tankers, are attacked by Iraqi or Iranian warplanes or damaged by mines.
In 1985 CE, professional wrestler Hulk Hogan acquiesces to put interviewer Richard Belzer in a wrestling hold, resulting in Belzer passing out, hitting his head on the floor, and sustaining an injury that required nine stitches. Belzer sues Hogan for five-million-dollars in damages, they settle out of court and Belzer moved to France.
In 1990 CE the U.S. begins broadcasting TV Martí to Cuba in an effort to bridge the information blackout imposed by the Castro regime.
In 1991 CE the National Collegiate Athletic Association bans the University of Minn football team from postseason play in the following year.
In 2004 CE, Her Majesty’s Ship, the H.M.S. Scylla, a decommissioned Leander class frigate, is sunk as an artificial reef off Cornwall, the first of its kind in Europe.
In 2014 CE the U.N. General Assembly condemns the Russian Federation's annexation of Crimea
In 2019 CE, Facebook bans white nationalism and white supremacy on its platform following criticism that the Christchurch, New Zealand terrorist was able to live-stream his attack on its social media, demonstrating that the measures they had taken to enforce less strident policies had theretofore been ineffective…later they gave-up all together; on this same day
In 2019 CE, Special Council Robert Mueller writes a letter to the U.S. Attorney General, William Barr regarding Barr's summary of the Mueller Report, stating that Barr's letter "did not fully capture the context, nature, and substance" of the findings. "There is now public confusion about critical aspects of the results of our investigation which threatens to undermine a central purpose for which the Department appointed the Special Counsel: to assure full public confidence in the outcome of the investigations”…his critique of Mr. Barr proved to be weak-tea.
In 2020 CE, a 2.2 trillion dollar stimulus package, the largest in U.S. history, is signed into law by President Donald Trump who mused that he had “never signed anything with a 'T' on it" before; on this same day, U.K. prime minister Boris Johnson announces that he has contracted COVID-19, and will continue to lead the country, "thanks to the wizardry of modern technology" and the rigors of self-isolation. Two years after that, in 2022 CE, China announces that Shanghai will be locked to carry out COVID-19 testing, in two stages over nine days, affecting twenty-five million people.
In 2023 CE, a convicted rapist fakes his own death by self-immolation, in reality he kills someone else, and escape from prison in the ensuing confusion, “sparking” a manhunt throughout South Africa; also on this day, a female shooter kills three children and three adults at Convent Elementary, a private Christian school in Nashville, Tennessee, before being shot and killed…it is the nineteenth school shooting in the United States, in three months.
Also on this day in 2023 CE, Germany experiences one of its largest strikes in decades, bringing public transport to a halt, amid calls for higher wages, while in Scottland, Humza Yousaf is elected leader of Scottish SNP party, becoming the first ethnic minority leader of a devolved government and first Muslim to lead a major party in the U.K.
In 2024 CE Harvard University says it will remove from its library a nineteenth century book, with a binding made from human skin, taken without consent from a deceased French mental patient.
Also on this day in 2024 CE, new analysis confirms that climate change is slowing the rotation of Earth due to melting ice caps and will probably delay the next leap year by three seconds.
In 2025 CE the European space telescope Gaia is shut down after a decade of charting the Milky Way and collecting data on nearly two billion stars and other celestial objects; also on this day, the U.S. Secretary of Health, Robert F. Kennedy Jr., announces a major restructure of the U.S. Department of Health, including laying off ten thousand people…about 33% of its workforce
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