On this day in the year 1208 of the common era (CE) Francis of Assisi, at 26, receives his vocation in Portiuncula, Italy even though it is clear to all who are gathered to witness the event that Francis was not of sound mind; three hundred and fifty-six years later, pope Gregory XIII announces the advent of an updated calendar which comes to be called the Gregorian Calendar.
On this day in the year 1835 CE the Siwinowe Kesibwi (Shawnee Sun) becomes the first monthly magazine printed entirely in a Native American language; it was launched in present-day Kansas by Baptist missionary Jotham Meeker…there are only two known copies surviving today.
On this day in 1839 CE the steam shovel is patented by William Otis of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; twenty-nine years later at a Mardi Gras parade in Mobile, Alabama, the first use of floats is documented in the United States.
In 1868 CE the United States House of Representatives votes 126 to 47 to impeach president Andrew Johnson; fifty-two years later, Adolf Hitler make his first official speech as head of the National Socialist German Workers’ Party (the Nazi Party) at the Hofbräuhaus in Munich, Germany
In 1937 CE the first group hospital-medical cooperative in the United States, is authorized to begin operations in Washington, D.C.; one year later Du Pont begins commercial production of nylon toothbrush bristles.
In 1942 CE the Voice of America begins a German language broadcast directed toward the citizens of the Nazi Reich.
In 1962 CE the United States performs nuclear test at Nevada Test Site; four years they do it again. Seventeen years after that in 1983 CE the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics performs an underground nuclear test; six years later the United States performs another nuclear test at Nevada Test Site.
In 1983 CE a special commission of the United States Congress releases a report that condemns the practice of Japanese internment during World War II; also on this day the Dow Jones Industrial Average closes above 1100 mark for first time, today the index is at 49,174.
In 1987 CE the Los Angeles Lakers center Kareem Abdul-Jabbar scores his 36,000th point in a 97-93 win over the Phoenix Suns in Arizona; twenty-four years later, the final launch of the Space Shuttle Discovery takes place.
In 1991 CE the first Gulf War begins with the ground invasion of southern Iraq and Iraqi-occupied Kuwait by the United States leading a multinational coalition in Operation Desert Sabre; thirty-one years later the Russian Federation launches a full-scale unprovoked invasion of Ukraine by land, air and sea, with bombings in several cities. Moments later, Vladimir Putin announces the start of a three-day “special military operation” in Ukraine to "demilitarize" the country...four yeas later the fighting continues.
In 2008 CE, Fidel Castro retires as the president of Cuba after nearly fifty years in power due to ill health; five years later his brother Raúl Castro is elected to a second term as the Cuban president.
In 2014 CE a 4.4 billion-year-old crystal is discovered as the oldest known fragment of Earth's crust
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