It happened on March 25th

On this day in the year 1 of the common era CE, marks the origination of the Dionysian mystery religion’s Incarnation of the Word; thirty years later, Christians celebrate the first Easter, according to calendar maker of Dionysius Exiguus. One thousand three hundred and seventy- eight years after that, in 1409 CE, at Council of Pisa opens, and elects the antipope Alexander V; one hundred and seventy-four years later, before officials in Brussels, the Dutch scholar Coinelius Loos recants his earlier written protest against witchcraft persecution in Trier, Germany.

On this day in the year 421 CE, the City of Venice is founded…at noon on a Friday.

On this day in 1199 CE, king Richard “the Lion Heart” of England, is wounded by a crossbow bolt while fighting the French, which leads to his death on April 6^th; one hundred and seven years later, having killed his rival John Comyn, the lord of Badenoch, Robert the Bruce is crowned Robert I, king of Scots.

In 1436 CE the Florence Cathedral (Cattedrale di Santa Maria del Fiore), which began construction in 1296, is consecrated by Pope Eugene IV. Designed by Filippo Brunelleschi with support from Michaelangelo; Leonardo Da Vinci resolve the crucial engineering problem of counterbalancing the weight of the dome,  

In 1584 CE the English privateer and explorer, Sir Walter Raleigh is granted a seven-year royal charter by Elizabeth I to explore and colonize North America; sixteen years later, Henry Hudson embarks on an attempt to find the northwest passage to Asia for the Dutch East India Company, the passage long dreamt of, did not in fact exist…he explored North America instead. Thirty four years after, in 1634 CE, under charter granted to Lord Baltimore and led by his brother Leonard Calvert the first European immigrants and settlers in what became Maryland, establish a Catholic colony; thirteen years later, the Dutch East India Company ship Nieuw Haarlem is shipwrecked without loss of life in shallow waters in Table Bay, Cape of Good Hope, which leads to the founding of the Dutch Cape Colony.

In 1655 CE, Astronomer Christiaan Huygens discovers Saturn's largest moon, Titan; fourteen years later, Mount Etna erupts, killing twenty thousand people and destroying the town of destroying Nicolosi, Sicily.

In 1753 CE, Voltaire leaves the court of Frederik II of Prussia; fifty-eight years later, Percy Bysshe Shelley is expelled from the University of Oxford for his publication of the pamphlet titled: The Necessity of Atheism.

In 1807 CE, British Parliament abolishes the slave trade throughout the British Empire; a penalty of £120 per slave is introduced for ship captains; the “Am I Not a Man and a Brother?” emblem is displayed by abolitionists determined to end the slave trade in the British Empire.

In 1813 CE the first United States (U.S.) flag is flown in battle, on the Pacific by the United States Ship, the Essex a frigate.

In 1814 CE the Netherlands Bank is established; seventy-four years later, the Socialist leader Domela Nieuwenhuis is elected to Dutch 2nd Chamber

In 1821 CE the Greek Revolution against the Ottoman Empire is officially declared, after hostilities had begun two months earlier.

In 1847 CE, pope Pius IX issues his encyclical, On Aid for Ireland; one hundred and twenty-one years later, Members of the Derry Housing Action Committee (DHAC) disrupt a meeting of Londonderry Corporation to protest the lack of housing provision in the city and Northern Ireland. Two years after that, in 1969 CE, Ian Paisley and Ronald Bunting, loyalists in Northern Ireland are jailed for organizing an illegal counter demonstration in Armagh the previous year; two years later, James Callaghan speaks at a rally of the Northern Ireland labor movement, but rejects calls for the Labor Party to open membership to those living in Northern Ireland.

In 1856 CE, A. E. Burnside patents the Burnside Carbine; one year later, Édouard-Léon Scott de Martinville receives a patent for his phonautograph, a device which created visual images of sound; forty-sic year later, Irving W. Colburn patents a sheet glass drawing machine

In 1863 CE the first U.S. Army Medals of Honor are awarded to six army soldiers by the U.S. Secretary of War Edwin Stanton in Washington.

In 1882 CE the first demonstration of pancake making is held at a department store in New York, New York; one hundred and thirty-five years later, the largest banana split ever made  is engineered, at 8,040 meters long, Innisfail, Australia

In 1894 CE, Coxey's “Army of the Unemployed” sets out from Massillon, Ohio, for Washington, D.C.; six years later, the United States Socialist Party forms in Indianapolis.

In 1898 CE, swami Vivekananda initiates Margaret Noble (Sister Nivedita) into the vow of Brahmacharya, she is the first Western woman to be received into an Indian monastic order; thirteen years later L. D. Swamikannu publishes the Manual of Indian Chronology, in Bombay

In 1898 CE the writer O. Henry is sentenced to five years in prison for embezzling eight hundred and fifty-four dollars from a bank, purportedly to pay for his sick wife's medical bills; he then goes on to write many classics while in jail including: Whistling Dick's Christmas Stocking.

In 1902 CE, five hundred and sixty-seven students in Russia are tried and found guilty for rioting and “political disaffection”; ninety-five are banished to Siberia.

In 1905 CE a collection of Confederate battle flags captured during the American Civil War are returned to South…the treasonous states should never have been allowed to possess the tokens of their traitorous rebellion.

In 1910 CE, Chalmers Auto Company offers a new car to each leagues' batting champ.

In 1911 CE the Triangle Shirtwaist Factory in Greenwich Village, New York catches fire. One hundred and forty-five people die in the conflagration, one hundred and thirty-two of them girls; two years later, the Palace Theatre, home of vaudeville, opens in New York, New York. Seventy-seven years after that, in 1990 CE, a fire in an illegal New York City social club, kills eighty-seven people.

In 1915 CE, the first submarine disaster occurs when a United States (U.S.) F-4 sinks off the Hawaiian Coast, killing twenty-one people crewing the vessel; on that same day, a German U-Boat torpedoes the Netherlands merchant ship Medea.

In 1916 CE Jess Willard fights Frank Moran to a “no-decision” in ten rounds for the heavyweight boxing title in New Tork, New York; forty-two years later, Sugar Ray Robinson becomes the first boxer to win a world championship five times. Thirty years after that, in 1988 CE, Robin Givens demands full access to husband Mike Tyson's money; seven years later Mike Tyson is released from prison after serving three years for sexual assault.

In 1917 CE the Canadian flying ace Billy Bishop claims his first victory in aerial combat, shooting down and mortally wounding German Leutnant Theiller; fifty-three years later, the Concorde makes its 1st supersonic flight (700 MPH/1,127 KPH). Forty-eight years after that, in 2018 CE the first scheduled non-stop flight between Australia and the UK takes place, it leaves Perth for Heathrow airport in London, flight time: seventeen hours; one year later, a British Airways flight from London mistakenly flies to Edinburgh, Scotland, instead of Düsseldorf, Germany, when the wrong flight plan is submitted.

In 1918 CE the Belarusian People's Republic is established; one year later; Woodrow Wilson's dream of a League of Nations becomes a reality after the League Covenant is adopted at the Paris Peace Conference. One year after that, in 1920 CE, marks Greek Independence Day; three years later the British government grants Trans-Jordan autonomy. Twenty-six years after that, in 1949 CE, the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (U.S.S.R.) begins Operation Pribioi: the mass deportation of ninety thousand Estonians, Latvians and Lithuanians to inhospitable areas in the Soviet Union; six years later, East Germany is granted “full sovereignty” by the occupying power, the U.S.S.R.. Two years after that, in 1957 CE, the Treaty of Rome establishes the European Economic Community (Common Market); one year later, West German parliament declares its intent to acquire its own nuclear arsenal. One year after that, in 1959 CE, French President De Gaulle acknowledges the Oder-Neisse boundary; five years later, Britain sets a memorial for the late U.S. President John F. Kennedy. One year after that, in 1965 CE, the West German Bondsdag extends war crimes retribution; six years later, the European Council accepts the Mansholt Plan that lays off five million farmers.Twenty-seven years after that, in 2006 CE, protesters demand a re-election in Belarus following a rigged presidential election result and a clash with riot police. Opposition leader Aleksander Kozulin is among several protesters arrested.

In 1931 CE the Scottsboro’s are accused of raping a white woman, arrested in Alabama; thirty-four years later, the reverend doctor, Martin Luther King Jr. leads twenty-five thousand people to the state capitol in Montgomery, Alabama. One year after that, in 1966 CE, the U.S. Supreme Court rules that so-called "poll tax" are unconstitutional; fifty-five  years later. the Republican-led Georgia State Senate passes restrictive changes to state voting. U.S. president Joe Biden calls it "Jim Crow in the 21st Century" and "a blatant attack on the Constitution."

In 1936 CE a two-hundred-inch mirror, for use in building the Hale telescope, leaves Corning, New York for California…it was the largest telescopic mirror ever made at the time; sixty years later, Comet C/1996 B2 (Hyakutake) approaches within 0.1018 Astronomical Units (A.U.) of Earth.

In 1937 CE, it is revealed that Quaker Oats pays Babe Ruth $25,000 per year for appearing in their advertisements; also on this day, the Washington Daily News becomes the first U.S. newspaper to insert perfumed advertising pages into their circular.

In 1939 CE, Billboard Magazine introduces the hillbilly (country) music charts; thirty-two years later, Elvis Presley performs live at Pearl Harbor’s Bloch Arena in a benefit for the USS Arizona Memorial. Elvis’ return to the concert stage after a stint in the US Army raises $60K and worldwide awareness for the project. Five years after that, 1966 CE, the Beatles pose for photographer Robert Whitaker with mutilated dolls and butchered meat for album cover of "Yesterday & Today", it is later pulled from circulation and replaced with a different photo; one year later, The Turtle's Happy Together goes to number one. Two years after that, in 1969 CE, the American singer Judy Garland’s gives what becomes her very last concert, at Falkoner Centret in Copenhagen, Denmark; on this same day, John Lennon and new wife Yoko Ono stage their first bed-in-for-peace, at the Hilton Hotel in Amsterdam, Netherlands. Two years after that, in 1971 CE, Tom Jones' cover version of Paul Anka's "She's a Lady" goes gold; four years later  Linda Ronstadt releases cover of the Everly Brothers' 1960 song "When Will I Be Loved" as a single. Eight years after that, in 1983 CE, at the Motown 25 Concert takes palce, celebrating the twenty-fifth anniversary of Motown records, and taped for broadcast at the Civic Auditorium in Pasadena, California. The performers include: The Miracles; The Temptations; The Four Tops; Diana Ross and the Supremes; The Jackson 5; and Michael Jackson who unveils his "moonwalk" dance move. Eight years later, singer Reba McEntire performs as scheduled at the Academy Awards ceremony, just 9 days after nearly her entire band dies in a plane crash. Six years after that, in 1997 CE, Life After Death, the second studio album by The Notorious B.I.G. is released, becoming the Billboard Song of the Year in 1997; nineteen years later, The Rolling Stones perform a free outdoor concert at the Ciudad Deportiva.

In 1941 CE, Carolina Paprika Mills in Dillon, South Carolina is incorporated.

In 1943 CE, ninety-seven percent of all Dutch physicians strike against Nazi registration; one year later German troop execute three hundred and thirty-five citizens of Rome.

In 1943 CE, Akira Kurosawa's debut film Sanshiro Sugata is released; eleven years later, RCA manufactures the first color TV set, featuring a 12.5-inch screen, costing $1,000. Thirty-one years after that, in 1985 CE, Amadeus win Best Picture at the 57th Academy Awards; six years later, Kevin Kostner’s Dances with Wolves takes the top prize. In 1996 CE, Mel Gibson’s Braveheart wins, and in 2001 CE, at the 73rd Academy Awards the prize goes to Gladiator.

In 1951 CE Edward Mills Purcell and Harold I. Ewen detect 21-cm radiation at Harvard physics lab; sixty-five years later, the European center for particle research, CERN, approves an experiment to find evidence for 'ghost particles' by smashing particles against a hard surface

In 1954 CE, pope Pius XII issues the encyclical "Sacra Virginitas" (On Consecrated Virginity), overlooking the fundamentally distorted nature, not of celibacy, but of the lifelong commitment to celibacy that ordination in to the priesthood and other so-called sacred vocation demand; one year later, U.S. Customs agents seize copies of Allen Ginsberg's poem "Howl" on the basis that they are obscene. Five years after that, in 1960 CE, the U.S. Court of Appeals, Judge Frederick van Pelt Bryan in New York, New York, rules that D.H. Lawrence's novel, Lady Chatterley's Lover, is not obscene, thereby overturning a ban on shipping it that been arbitrarily imposed by the U.S. Postal Service; fifteen years later, at St. Catherine's Monastery on the Sinai Peninsula, a cache of manuscript are discovered including fragments of pages from the Codex Sinaiticus and a palimpsest with the first ever example of the Caucasian-Albanian language in script.

In 1957 CE the National Basketball Association (NBA) modifies the free-throw rule

In 1960 CE the first guided missile is launched from a nuclear-powered submarine, the United States Ship, Halibut; one year later, Explorer 10 is launched into an elongated-Earth-orbit (177/181,000 km). on this same day in 1961 CE, Sputnik 10 carries a dog into Earth orbit; later recovered alive, then euthanized and dissected for scientific research. Eighteen years later, the Space Shuttle Columbia arrives at Kennedy Space Centre to prepare for its first launch. Nine years after that, in 1988 CE, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (N.A.S.A.) launches space vehicle S-206; four years later, Cosmonaut Sergei Krikalev returns to Earth after a 10-month stay aboard the Mir space station. On this same day in 1992 CE, the Russian manned space craft TM-14, lands; twenty-seven years later, N.A.S.A. cancels a planned historic all-female spacewalk because it doesn't have enough spacesuits to fit women.

In 1967 CE, the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (U.S.S.R.) performs nuclear test at the Semipalatinsk Test Site in northeast Kazakhstan; one year later, the U.S. performs nuclear test at Nevada Test Site.

In 1974 CE the Chipko forest conservation movement begins in Reni Village, Western Himalayas, India, when a local woman named Gaura Devi hugs a tree to prevent its logging…and the tree hugger moniker was established.

In 1976 CE the Argentine military junta bans leftist political parties; fifty-three years later, continuing power-blackouts in Caracas, Venezuela, prompt government to tell workers and students to stay at home.

In 1986 CE the U.S. Supreme Court rules that the Air Force could ban wearing of yarmulkes; one year later, the Court rules that gender-based workplace affirmative action plans do not constitute discrimination on the basis of sex under the Civil Rights Act 1964.

In 1992 CE British scientists find a new “largest” perfect #, expressed as: (2 756839 -1 * 2 756839)

In 1996 CE the European Union's Veterinarian Committee bans the export of British beef and its by-products as a result of "mad cow disease" (BSE); also on this day, the United states issues the newly-redesigned $100 bill.

In 2006 CE, a gunman kills six people before taking his own life at a party in Seattle's Capitol Hill neighborhood.

In 2018 CE (Juche 95 on the North Korean Calendar), North Korean leader Kim Jong-un embarks on a surprise trip to Beijing by train to meet Chinese President Xi Jinping.

In 2019 CE, Apple introduces new TV streaming platform Apple TV+, news service Apple News+ and an Apple credit card.

In 2020 CE, Spain's death toll from COVID-19 overtakes China's at three thousand, four hundred and thirty-four to become the second most impacted nation behind Italy, with seven thousand, five hundred and three death, and a worldwide death toll of twenty thousand, eight hundred and thirty-six; one year later, U.S. president Joe Biden announces a new goal of two hundred million vaccinations in his administration's first one hundred days.

In 2024 CE, the first widespread outbreak of bird-flu in cows is reported at farms in six U.S. States, including one human being at a Texas dairy farm.

In 2024 CE, properties belonging to performer and music producer, Sean "Diddy" Combs, are searched by federal authorities in response to credible allegations of sex trafficking and sexual assault…crimes for which he was later charged, tried and found guilty of.

In 2026 CE, a California jury finds Meta and YouTube liable on all counts in a lawsuit accusing the tech giants of negligence for intentionally designing addictive platforms, and failing to provide adequate warnings, thereby injuring a young woman's mental health; the plaintiff is awarded nearly six million dollars...snap and TikTok had quietly settled their aspects of the case before trial.

Also on this day in 2026 CE,  Sarah Mullally (age 63) is installed as the Archbishop of Canterbury, the most senior cleric in the Church of England; she is the first female to hold the office.

 

Reference

https://www.onthisday.com/

It happened on March 24th

On this day in the year 1401 of the common era (CE), Timur attacks the city of Damascus, making it the second city of the Mameluke Empire; scholar Ibn Khaldūn's life is spared, but the city is sacked and the Umayyad Mosque destroyed.

On this day in the year 1603 CE the Scottish king James VI, son of Mary queen of Scots, becomes king James I of England in succession to Elizabeth I, thereby uniting the English and Scottish crowns; one hundred and sixty-two years later, Britain enacts the Quartering Act, which requires colonists in America to provide temporary housing to British soldiers. One hundred and forty-one years after that, in 1906 CE the Census of the British Empire shows that the United Kingdom rules one-fifth of the world's landmass.

Another development in 1603 CE: Tokugawa Ieyasu is granted the title “shogun,” officially establishing the Tokugawa Shogunate which would rule Japan until 1867.

On this day in 1629 CE the first game law is passed in the American colonies by Virginia.

In 1828 CE the Philadelphia & Columbia Railway is authorized, becoming the first state-owned railway in the United States (U.S.); four years later, Mormon leader Joseph Smith is beaten, tarred and feathered in Hiram, Ohio.

In 1837 CE, Canada grants its black citizens the right to vote, sixteen years later, the Anti-slavery newspaper, The Provincial Freeman, is first published in Windsor, Ontario, edited by Samuel Ringgold Ward and Mary Ann Shadd Cary, who is the first black-woman-publisher in North America.

In 1868 CE the Metropolitan Life Insurance Company forms; twelve years later, the Tobacco Growers' Mutual Insurance Company incorporates in Connecticut.

In 1877 CE the annual boat race between Oxford University and Cambridge ends in a dead heat.

In 1882 CE, German scientist Robert Koch discovers and describes the tubercle bacillus, which causes tuberculosis (Mycobacterium tuberculosis), thereby establishing germ theory; one yea later the first telephone call is placed between New York, New York and Chicago, Illinois.

In 1900 CE, New York City mayor, Robert Anderson Van Wyck breaks ground on a new underground rapid transit railway linking Manhattan and Brooklyn; thirteen years later, the Palace Theater opens at 1564 Broadway.

In 1907 CE the first issue of the Georgian Bolshevik newspaper Dro is published.

In 1916 CE, German submarines torpedo the Sussex, an unarmed French vessel, used as a cross-channel packet.

In 1920 CE the first U.S. coast guard air station is established at Morehead City, North Carolina, just a bicycle ride from where I was stationed at Marine Corps Air Station Cherry point, in the 1990’s, and another bicycle ride down the road takes you to the U.S. Marine Corps Camp LeJeune, where my father was stationed in the 1950’s; forty-five years later, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration’s (N.A.S.A.’s) lunar probe, Ranger 9 strikes the moon ten miles (16 km) northeast of the crater Alphonsus and transmits high-resolution photographs of the lunar surface. Fourteen years after that, in 1979 CE, the Space Shuttle Columbia, flown from an aircraft carrier, lands at the Kennedy Space Center; seven years later, N.A.S.A. publishes, A Strategy for Safely Returning the Space Shuttle to Flight Status. Six years after that in, 1992 CE, the Space Shuttle STS-45, Atlantis 11, launches into space with Dirk Frimout, the first Belgian astronaut on board; twenty-three years later, N.A.S.A.'s Opportunity Rover becomes the first remote operated roving vehicle on the surface of Mars to complete a Martian marathon (to travel a distance of 26.2 miles).

In 1905 CE a group of Cretans dedicated to Crete's union with Greece led by Eleutherios Venizelos, meet at the village of Therisso and proclaim a union in defiance of the Great Powers; nineteen years later, Greece becomes a republic.

In 1926 CE the Beehive in The Hague opens the first escalator in the Netherlands; one year later, the Dutch First Chamber condemns the Belgian and Netherlands Wielingen Treaty.

In 1930 CE the first religious service is telecast in United States on W2XBS New York, New York; two years later, the first radio broadcast from a moving train in the United States.

In 1933 CE the Peter I Island is incorporated as a Norwegian dependency.

In 1937 CE the National Gallery of Art is established by the U.S. Congress.

In 1942 CE the U.S. government begins moving native-born citizens with Japanese ancestry into detention centers under Executive Order 9066, with intention of preventing home-grown espionage; two years later, seventy-six Allied officers escape Stalag Luft, in what is know as the Great Escape of WWII. Also on this day in 1944, eight hundred and eleven British bombers attack Berlin, during which Royal Air Force rear gunner Nicholas Alkemade survives a jump from his Lancaster bomber eighteen thousand feet over Germany without a parachute; his fall is broken by pine trees and soft snow and he suffers only a sprained leg; later that same day, the Nazis led by SS officers Herbert Kappler, Erich Priebke and Karl Hass execute three hundred and thirty-five civilians and political prisoners in occupied Rome, in retaliation for the previous day's Via Rassela bombing that killed thirty-three Germans. One year after that, in 1945 CE, in the largest one-day airborne operation of all time, British, U.S. and Canadian paratroopers land east of the Rhine in Northern Germany; on that same day, U.S. minesweepers reach Kerama Retto, on the south coast of Okinawa; four years later, the former SS police chief in the Netherlands, Hanns Albin Rauter's request for a pardon is denied and he is executed by firing squad.

In 1947 CE, John D. Rockefeller Jr. donates the site of the United Nations (U.N.), along the East River of Manhattan Island to the newly formed international organization; on this same day, the U.S. Congress proposes a two-term limitation on the presidency.

In 1949 CE, Hamlet with Laurence Olivier & Jane Wyman wins at the 21^st Academy Awards; forty-eight years later, The English Patient with Geoffrey Rush and Frances McDormand wins at the 69^th Academy Awards. Two years after that, in 1999 CE, The Matrix, a film written and directed by the Wachowski Brothers, starring Keanu Reeves, Laurence Fishburne and Carrie-Anne Moss, premieres; three years later, at the 74^th Academy Awards, A Beautiful Mind wins, with Denzel Washington and Halle Berry; Halle Berry becomes the first African-American woman to win the award for Best Actress.

In 1953 CE the U.S performs nuclear test at Nevada Test Site; forty years later, South African president F.W. Willem de Klerk announces to South Africa's Parliament the existence and abandonment of a secret nuclear weapons program.

In 1955 CE the British Army patrols withdraw from Belfast after 20 years…it was short lived; seventeen years later Great Britain imposes direct rule over Northern Ireland.

In 1955 CE the first seagoing oil-drilling-rig enters service.

In 1958 CE, Elvis Presley joins the US Army, he is given serial number 53310761; seventeen years later, aboard the Queen Mary in Long Beach, California, Rhythm & Blues piano player Professor Longhair, together with the Meters perform at a record release party for Paul McCartney and Wings' album, Venus and Mars. Five years after that, in 1980 CE, Capitol Records releases some rare Beatles tracks on the LP titled: Rarities.

In 1962 CE, welterweight Emile Griffith beats Benny "The Kid" Paret for the championship, winning by technical knock-out in the twelfth 12th round at Madison Square Garden, New York, New York. Paret dies ten days later; the match marks the first use of televised, slow-motion-replay. Thirteen years after that, in 1975 CE, Muhammad Ali beats Chuck Wepner by technical knock-out in 1ifteenth round for heavyweight boxing title.

In 1964 CE the Kennedy half-dollar is issued.

In 1966 CE the Selective Service announces a program for college deferments based on academic performance; one year later, the University of Michigan holds the first "Teach-in" after bombing begins in North Vietnam.

In 1980 CE, ABC's nightly Iran Hostage crisis program renamed, is renamed Nightline, premiering as it’s own show with Ted Koppel as anchor.

In 1998 CE, two students, ages 11 and 13, open fire on their classmates and teachers at Westside Middle School in Jonesboro, Arkansas; five people are killed and ten wounded. Twenty years after that, in 2018 CE, tens of thousands attend “March for Our Lives” in Washington, D.C. and around the world to protest the continuing epidemic of gun-violence in America.

In 1999 CE, forces attached to the North Atlantic Treaty Organization commences an air bombardment against Yugoslavia during the Kosovo War, it is the first attack by N.A.T.O. on a sovereign country in its history; seventeen years later, Bosnian Serb politician Radovan Karadžić is found guilty of genocide, crimes against humanity and war crimes during the 1995 Srebrenica massacre and sentenced to 40 years imprisonment.

In 2005 CE the U.S. version of The Office, created by Ricky Gervais and Stephen Merchant, developed by Greg Daniels and starring Steve Carell premieres on NBC.

In 2008 CE, Bhutan officially becomes a democracy with its first general election.

In 2014 CE, Ukraine withdraws its forces from the Crimean Peninsula.

In 2018 CE Hundreds of protesters shut down special meeting at Sacramento City Hall investigating police shooting of Stephon Clark.

In 2019 CE, two time American League Most Valuable Player, Mike Trout, signs the biggest contract in North American sports history, a $426.5 million, 12-year extension with the Los Angeles Angels…a record that would not last; also on this day, U.S. attorney general, William Barr summarizes the report submitted by special council Robert Mueller (also known as the Mueller Report) in a letter to Congress, stating: the "investigation did not establish that members of the Trump Campaign conspired or coordinated with the Russian government in its election interference activities" and that "Deputy Attorney General Rod Rosenstein and I have concluded that the evidence developed during the Special Counsel's investigation is not sufficient to establish that the President committed an obstruction-of-justice offense;" those findings should have been left to a jury to decide.

In 2020 CE, China's Hubei province, the original center of the COVID-19 outbreak, eases restrictions on travel after a nearly two-month lockdown; on this same day, the Indian prime minister, Narendra Modi orders a twenty-one-day lockdown for the country's 1.3 billion people to address COVID-19 fears, while Japan’s prime minister, Shinzō Abe, announces the postponement of the Tokyo 2020 Olympic and Paralympic Games until the summer of 2021 due to the global COVID-19 pandemic.

In 2024 CE, Brazilian police arrest two politicians and a police chief for the notorious murder, and its cover-up, of politician and activist Marielle Franco in 2018…demonstrating that justice delayed, is still justice.

In 2025 CE, The Atlantic publishes: "The Trump Administration Accidentally Texted Me Its War Plans," claiming that U.S. Secretary of Defense Pete Hegseth included a journalist in a group chat detailing critical operational intelligence, in real time, concerning U.S. airstrikes taking place in Yemen.

 

 

Reference

https://www.onthisday.com/

It happened on March 23rd

On this day in the year 1066 of the common era (CE) marks the eighteenth recorded perihelion passage of Halley's Comet; seven hundred and eighty-four years later, in New York, New York, John William Draper makes the first successful daguerreotype (photograph) of the moon (in the United States).

On this day in the year 1490 CE the first dated edition of Maimonides' compilation of Jewish religious legal-code, the "Mishneh Torah" is published; seventy-eight years later, French Huguenots go on strike. Eleven years after that, in 1579 CE, Friesland the joins Union of Utrecht; fourteen years later, English Separatist Puritans John Greenwood and Henry Barrowe are tried and sentenced to death on the charge of devising and circulating seditious books. Three hundred and seventy-three years after that, in 1966 CE, marks the first official meeting of representatives of Catholic and Anglican Churches in over four hundred years; three years later, the Rally for Decency is held in Miami, Florida. Fifty-three years after that, in 2022 CE, Brian Houston, the Australian founder of the megachurch Hillsong, resigns after an internal investigation finds he breached their code of conduct with two women.

On this day in 1743 CE, George Frideric Handel's oratorio, Messiah, premieres at the Royal Opera House, Covent Garden, London; two hundred and twenty-one years later, In His Own Write, a book of short stories, poems and drawings by John Lennon, is published. Four years after that, in 1968 CE, Reprise Records releases Song To A Seagull, Canadian singer-songwriter Joni Mitchell's debut studio album; two years later, the Hello Darlin’ single is released by Conway Twitty, becoming the Billboard Song of the Year. Three years after that, in 1973 CE, Yoko Ono is granted permanent residence in USA; four years later Elvis Presley begins his final concert tour. Eight years after that, in 1985 CE, David Bowie appears as a special surprise guest with Tina Turner at the NEC arena in Birmingham, England; they perform duets of Bowie's "Tonight" and a medley of Chris Montez' "Let's Dance" and Bowie's song of the same name; also on this day, Julian Lennon play’s his first concert, in San Antonio, Texas.

In 1752 CE. Canada's first newspaper, the Halifax Gazette, is published in Halifax, Nova Scotia, by John Bushell; ninety-seven years later, marks the first recorded use of  the acronym "OK” [oll korrect] appears in the Boston Morning Post.

In 1775 CE, Patrick Henry famously proclaims "Give me liberty or give me death," in a speech encouraging Virginia troops to join the American Revolutionary War.

In 1794 CE, American inventor Josiah Pierson patents the "cold-header" (rivet) machine; six years later, a flour-rolling-mill patent is issued to John Stevens of Wisconsin.

In 1794 CE the Polish general Tadeusz Kościuszko returns to Kraków, Poland to led the Kościuszko Uprising against Russian and Prussian control; seven years later, Aleksandr Pavlovich Romanov becomes Tsar Alexander I of Russia after his father Tsar Paul I is assassinated.

In 1856 CE, eighteen-year-old chemist William Perkin of England, accidentally produces the first synthetic aniline dye ‘mauveine’ (purple) during his Easter holiday; eighty years later, Physician Joseph G. Hamilton injects a leukemia patient with a sodium-radioisotope, it is the first intravenous injection of a human with a radioisotope in medical history.

In 1858 CE a streetcar patent is granted to E.A. Gardner of Philadelphia; three years later, London's first tramcars begin operating, designed by Mr. Train of New York. New York. Seventy-six years after that, in 1937 CE, the Los Angeles Railway Company starts using P.C.C. Streetcars.

In 1868 CE the University of California is founded in Oakland, California.

In 1882 CE the Edmunds (Anti-Polygamy) Act is enacted in the United States to suppress polygamy; one thousand, three hundred men are later imprisoned under the act; fourteen years later, the Raines Law is passed by the New York State Legislature, restricting Sunday sale of alcohol to hotels. One hundred and twenty-seven years later, Utah becomes the first state to limit social media for minors, including the enforcement of an overnight curfew and strong parental consents.

In 1903 CE the Wright brothers file a patent for a flying machine, granted 3 years later; nineteen years later, the first airplane lands at the United States (U.S.) Capitol in Washington, D.C.. Twenty-seven years after that, in 1948 CE, British Royal Air Force pilot John Cunningham (age 30) sets a world altitude record of 59,430 feet (18,114 meters) flying a de Haviland, Vampire fighter jet; twelve years later the National Aeronautics and Space Administration’s (N.A.S.A.), Explorer 8 fails to reach Earth orbit. Five years after that, in 1965 CE, N.A.S.A. launches Gemini 3, the first U.S., two-man space flight, with Gus Grissom and John Young piloting the vehicle; eighteen years later, United States president Ronald Reagan introduces the Strategic Defense Initiative (S.D.I.) popularly referred to as "Star Wars…" a slush fund for the intelligence community and private military contractors. Two years after that, in 1985 CE, the Space Shuttle Discovery moves to the Vehicle Assembly Building at Kennedy Space Center, Florida for mating of STS 51-D mission; sixteen years later, Russia’s Mir Space Station is disposed of, breaking up in the atmosphere before falling into the southern Pacific Ocean near Fiji.

In 1918 CE, German forces advance fourteen miles to the Somme River; on this same day they begins using a long-range gun, the “Kaiser Wilhelm Geschütz” (“Emperor William Gun”), also known as the “Paris Gun,” shelling Paris from Crépy-en-Laonnais, seventy-five miles away; shooting three-hundred and three rounds over the course of several days, killing and wounding many hundreds of people.

In 1918 CE, Lithuania proclaims its independence from Russia; one year later, the Congress of the Russian Communist Party re-establishes a Politburo system of government, a five-member group which becomes the center of political power in the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (U.S.S.R.). It’s Original members are Vladimir Lenin, Leon Trotsky, Joseph Stalin, Lev Kamenev, and Nikolai Krestinsky. On this same day in 1919 CE, Bashkir becomes an autonomous republic with the Soviet system.

In 1919 CE, Benito Mussolini forms the fascist group Fasci di Combattimento (Italian Fighting Bands) in Milan, Italy, later reorganized into the National Fascist Party; two years later Germany announces it will be unable to meet its “Great War” (WWI) reparation payments. Twelve years after that, in 1933 CE, the German Reichstag hastily passes the Enabling Act, President Paul von Hindenburg signs it the same day, granting Adolf Hitler dictatorial powers, who then proceeded to destroy the country, sending ten’s of millions of German’s to their death, and tens upon tens of millions more killed defending themselves against the aggression of Nazi tyranny; thirteen years later, the British 7th Black Watch crosses the Rhine, into Germany.

In 1945 CE the Swallow Sidecar Company headed by William Lyons agrees to change its name to Jaguar.

In 1950 CE the United Nations (U.N.) World Meteorological Organization is established.

In 1956 CE, Pakistan proclaims itself an Islamic republic in Commonwealth, marking their first “National Day;” on this same day, Sudan becomes independent.

In 1957 CE the United States Army sells its last homing pigeons.

In 1968 CE the reverend Walter Fauntroy becomes the first non-voting congressional delegate from the District of Columbia (D.C.).

In 1970 CE, the U.S. performs nuclear test at Nevada Test Site; one year later the U.S.S.R. performs underground nuclear test. Two years after that, in 1973 CE, the U.S. performs nuclear test at Nevada Test Site; five years later we do it there again. Seven years after that, in 1980 CE, France performs nuclear test; eight years later, the U.S. performs nuclear test at Nevada Test Site.

In 1972 CE the New York Yankees agree to continue playing ball in the Bronx, New York; thirty seven years later, Japan repeats as champions at the second World Baseball Classic, with a 5-3, ten-inning win over South Korea at Dodger Stadium in Los Angeles, California.

In 1976 CE the International Bill of Rights goes into effect, thirty-five nations ratify it, the United States abstains.

In 1979 CE, Larry Holmes beats Osvaldo Ocasio with a technical knock-out in the seventh round for the heavyweight championship title.

In 1981 CE, the U.S. Supreme Court rules that states could require, with some exceptions, parental notification when a teen-age girl seeks an abortions; also on this day, the court upholds the notion that statutory rape is a criminal charge that only for applies to males of the species.

In 2003 CE, in Nasiriyah, Iraq, eleven soldiers of the 507th Maintenance Company as well as eighteen U.S. Marines are killed during the first major conflict of Operation Iraqi Freedom; four years later, the Iranian Navy seize Royal Navy personnel in Iraqi waters.

In 2010 CE U.S. president Barack Obama signs the Affordable Care Act (A.C.A.), nicknamed “Obamacare”, expanding the availability and affordability of health insurance for all American citizens.

In 2016 CE, an investigation of Shakespeare's tomb at Holy Trinity Church in Stratford concludes that the Bard's skull had been stolen…if you believe it.

In 2020 CE African-American Daniel Prude dies after being physically restrained, including having a hood put over his head by police in Rochester, New York.

In 2020 CE COVID-19 lockdowns are imposed in South Africa and the United Kingdom while other European nations extend and strengthen their own existing lockdowns; on this same day, the U.N. secretary general Antonio Guterres calls for an immediate global ceasefire to fight COVID-19…by and large, he is ignored and parties in conflict go on being in conflict. Also on this day in 2020 CE, the State of New York is confirmed as the new center of the COVID-19 pandemic in the U.S. with 20,875 cases (5,707 in the last day) and 157 deaths; and again on this day, the World Health Organization says the 

COVID-19 pandemic is accelerating, noting that the first 100,000 cases took 67 days, and the second 100,000 cases 11 days, followed by the third 100,000 cases 4 days later. One year after that, in 2021 CE, 

Brazil's daily COVID-19 death toll passes 3,000 (3,251) for the first time, with 298,676 total deaths reported, as country's Supreme Court blocks President Jair Bolsonaro overturning local restrictions on the movements of the populations.

In 2022 CE the Abel Prize in mathematics' is awarded to American Dennis Sullivan for his work on topography.

Also in 2022 CE the U.S. secretary of state Antony Blinken formally declares that members of Russian Federation’s armed forces have committed war crimes in Ukraine.

In 2023 CE TikTok CEO Shou Zi Chew is questioned for over four hours in a U.S. congressional hearing over concern that the Chinese company is a security risk.

Reference

https://www.onthisday.com/

It happened on March 22nd

On this day in the 1387 of the common era (CE) the city of Vilnius is granted a charter by Jogaila, king of Poland, allowing it to be self-governing.

On this day in the year 1621 CE the Dutch jurist and "father of international law," Hugo Grotius (1583–1645) famously escaped life imprisonment at Loevestein Castle by hiding in a large book chest. Aided by his wife, Maria van Reigersberch and a maid, he utilized the unchecked chest, then disguised as a mason he flees to France; one hundred and sixty-four years later a Dutch Republic leader named Quint Ondaatje (age twenty-six) demands democracy in a speech he delivers at Utrecht city hall.

On this day in 1622 CE the first Native-American massacre of Europeans takes place near Jamestown, Virginia; three hundred and forty-seven people are killed by the Powhatan…who were not able to foresee how many more Europeans would be coming in the ensuing years, decades and centuries.

In 1630 CE the first colonial legislation prohibiting gambling is enacted in Boston, Massachusetts, eight years later, religious dissident Anne Hutchinson is expelled from the Massachusetts Bay Colony for heresy and sedition, specifically for holding theological meetings that challenged the male-dominated clergy's authority. Her beliefs, termed antinomianism, prioritized grace over works; she moved to Rhode Island.

In 1764 CE a Dutch expeditionary corps launches an attack on a group of men and woman who had thrown off their shackles and formed an army, during what is knowns as the Bernice rebellion, this took place in modern Guyana, and it was the first major slave revolt in South America…sadly, it was put down; one hundred and nine years later, slavery is abolished in Puerto Rico, and now this day is celebrated as Emancipation Day. Forty-nine years after that, in 1922 CE the Rand Rebellion takes place in Southern Africa, which started as a strike by white mineworkers and became an armed rebellion against the state before being brought to a brutal end by the police.

In 1765 CE the first direct British tax on American colonists, the Stamp Act, is passed by the British Parliament led by Prime Minister George Grenville; ten years later, British MP Edmund Burke makes a speech to the English Parliament advocating for peace with the American colonies. Fifty-seven years after that, in 1832 CE, the British Parliament, led by Charles Grey, passes the Reform Act, introducing wide-ranging changes to the electoral system of England and Wales, increasing the electorate from about 500,000 to 813,000 voters…a work in progress.

In 1784 CE the Emerald Buddha is moved with great ceremony to its current place in Wat Phra Kaew, Thailand.

In 1790 CE, Thomas Jefferson becomes the first United States (U.S.) secretary of state under president George Washington; four years later, Congress bans U.S. vessels from supplying slaves to other countries.

In 1822 CE the New York Horticultural Society is founded.

In 1829 CE the three protecting powers: Britain, France and Russia establish the borders of Greece.

In 1841 CE a method for alkali starch extraction is patented in the United States by Orlando Jones, which is later applied to corn for the production of cornstarch; one hundred and nineteen years later, the first patent for a light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation device (L.A.S.E.R.) is granted to Arthur Schawlow and Charles Townes

In 1861 CE the first nursing school is chartered in the United States.

In 1865 CE, thirteen thousand calvary troops led by Union General James H. Wilson destroys most of Confederate Alabama and Georgia's arms-manufacturing and rail capabilities in what is known as Wilson’s Raid, it continues into mid-April.

In 1871 CE, William Holden of North Carolina becomes the first governor in the United States to be removed from office by impeachment; one year later, the State of Illinois becomes the first to require sexual equality in employment.

In 1895 CE, Auguste and Louis Lumière show their first movie to an invited audience.

In 1896 CE Charilaos Vasilakos of Greece wins the first modern marathon in 3:18 at the Panhellenic Games.

In 1917 CE the United States is the first nation to recognize the new government of Russia.

In 1929 CE a U.S. Coast Guard vessel sinks a Canadian schooner suspected of carrying liquor; four years later, U.S. president Franklin D. Roosevelt signs the Cullen-Harrison Act, legalizing the sale of beer and wine with up to 3.2% alcohol.

In 1933 CE the first Nazi concentration camp opens at Dachau, ostensibly for the housing of political prisoners; six years later Lithuania is forced to give the Memel territory to Germany. Two years after that, in 1941 CE, James Stewart is inducted into the Army, becoming the first major American movie star to wear a military uniform in World War II; one year later, the Dutch SS police chief Hans Albin Rauter threatens to kill half of the Jewish children in the Netherlands, he then sets an extend work week for the Dutch, at fifty-four hours. Meanwhile, on this day in 1943, in Belgium, obligatory work for woman ends. One year after that, in 1944 CE, more than six hundred, 8^th Air Force bombers attack Berlin. The American movie star James Stewart flies his 12th combat mission during this raid, leading the 2nd Bomb Wing in the attack; one year later, the U.S. 3rd Army crosses the Rhine at Nierstein.

In 1935 CE, blood tests are authorized as evidence in New York State Court.

In 1941 CE, Washington State, the Grand Coulee Dam goes into operation.

In 1945 CE the Arab League forms with the adoption of a charter in Cairo, Egypt; one year later, Britain signs a treaty granting independence to Jordan.

In 1946 CE the first U.S. rocket to leave the Earth's atmosphere is launched, ascending fifty miles; thirty-five years later, the Soyuz 39 carries two cosmonauts, one Mongolian, to the Salyut 6 station. One year after that, in 1982 CE, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (N.A.S.A.) launches its third space shuttle mission: Columbia 3; three years later N.A.S.A. launches Intelsat VA F-10. Nine years after that, in 1994 CE, Soyuz TM-21 lands; two years later, STS 76 (Atlantis 16), launches into orbit. Four years after that, N.A.S.A.'s “Spirit” Rover gets caught in a sand trap on Mars and ceases communications with Earth.

In 1954 CE the London bullion market reopens after being closed since 1939.

In 1957 CE the Republic of India adopts Saka calendar along with Gregorian, on this same day, the single All Shook Up is released by Elvis Presley. Six years after that, in 1963 CE, the Beatles release their first album, Please Please Me; one year after that, Barbra Streisand appears on the cover of the New York Times, Magazine section. Twenty-two years after that, in 1986 CE, Heart's single, These Dreams, goes to number one.

In 1958 CE the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics performs nuclear test at Novaya Zemlya U.S.S.R.; thirteen years later, the U.S.S.R. performs nuclear test at the Semipalatinsk Test Site in northeast Kazakhstan. Four years after that, in 1975 CE, a fire at the Browns Ferry Nuclear Power Plant in Decatur, Alabama causes a dangerous lowering of cooling water levels; three years later, France performs nuclear test.

In 1965 CE, Nicolae Ceaușescu is elected General Secretary of the Romanian Communist Party.

In 1967 CE Muhammad Ali knocks out Zora Folley in the seventh round to win the heavyweight boxing title; eighteen years later, HBO launches boxing's heavyweight-title-unification-tournament. One year after that, in 1986 CE, Jamaican boxer Trevor Berbick upsets Pinklon Thomas to win the World Boxing Conference’s heavyweight title, by unanimous decision in Las Vegas, Nevada.

In 1968 CE, U.S. president Lyndon B. Johnson is ordered to get off of a San Francisco cable car for eating an ice cream cone.

In 1972 CE the U.S. Congress approves the Equal Rights Amendment, though it remains unratified; sixteen years later, the U.S. Congress overrides President Reagan's veto of a sweeping civil rights bill.

In 1979 CE the Provisional Irish Republican Army (P.I.R.A.) explode twenty-four bombs in various locations across Northern Ireland; twenty-seven years later, the Euskadi Ta Askatasuna (E.T.A.), an armed Basque separatist group, declares permanent ceasefire. On this same day in 2006 CE, hostages from three Christian “peacemaker” teams are freed by British forces in Baghdad after one hundred and eighteen days in captivity.

In 1989 CE the United States Supreme Court upholds the “one person one vote” rule of the New York City Board of Estimates.

In 1993 CE, Intel introduces the Pentium-processor (80586) 64 bits-60 MHz-100+ MIPS.

In 1994 CE the Dutch Ambassador to United States christens a new tulip, named for, then first lady Hillary Clinton; on this same day, Iraqi-British architect Zaha Hadid becomes the first woman to win architecture's Pritzker Prize.

In 1994 CE the South African government and the ANC take power in the Ciskei homeland.

In 1997 CE the Comet Hale-Bopp makes its closest approach to Earth (1.315 astronomical units)…stopping to pick up no-one for a ride.

In 2009 CE, Mount Redoubt, a volcano in Alaska begins erupting after a prolonged period of unrest.

In 2014 CE, Guinea confirms that an Ebola outbreak has already killed 59 people…it got much worse; also on this day, the United States and the European Union impose largely ineffective sanction on the Russian Federation for its annexation of the Crimean Peninsula.

In 2017 CE the United States wins the 4^th Baseball World Classic, with an 8-0 win over Puerto Rico at Dodger Stadium in Los Angeles, California.

In 2017 CE the tomb of Jesus, originally “discovered” by the Roman empress St. Helena, mother of Constantine the Great, reopens after restoration.

In 2018 CE oceanographers note that the "Great Pacific Garbage Patch" between Hawaii and California has 1.8 trillion pieces of plastic and increasing rapidly according to new research; four years later, microplastics are found in human blood for first time through new research conducted at Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam in the Netherlands.

In 2019 CE the discovery of a five hundred- and eighteen-million-year-old fossil site is announced, located near the Danshui River in Hubei province, China, with thousands of unknown fossils well preserved.

In 2019 CE, U.S. Special Council Robert S. Mueller submits his findings on the 2016 election, The Mueller Report, to Deputy U.S. Attorney General Rod Rosenstein and U.S. Attorney General William Barr…who largely ignore and or minimize the findings.

In 2020 CE, India puts one billion people under a daytime curfew to curb COVID-19; three years later, former prime minister of the United Kingdom, Boris Johnson is grilled by the Government Privileges Committee over whether he intentionally misled parliament over COVID-19 rule breaches by his administration.

In 2021 CE, ten people are shot dead at a supermarket in Boulder, Colorado by a twenty-one-year-old gunman; on this same day, Evanston, Illinois, in a move toward greater social justice, votes to become first U.S. city to pay reparations to Black residents for past discriminations and the effects of institutionalized slavery, giving $400,000 to each household who qualifies, noting that the problem of reparations is so great that only the federal Government can manage it, and that it is just to not only pay compensation to the progeny of the enslaved people who built the united states, but reparations should also be paid for every illegally obtained treaty, and broken treaty agreement with all Native American tribes, in the interest of justice, these remedies must take place.

In 2023 CE the Abel Prize for Mathematics, awarded to Argentinian–American Luis Caffarelli for his work on partial differential equations; on this same day, American software engineer Bob Metcalfe is given computing's Turing Award for developing Ethernet, a computer networking system now the industry standard. Also on this day in 2023 CE, Microsoft founder Bill Gates says that the development of artificial intelligence (AI) is the most important technological advance since the graphical user interface (GUI) in 1980; and later that day, the American Library Association says the year 2022 CE had highest number of calls to censor library books in the U.S. in over 20 years.

In 2024 CE British runner Jasmin Paris is the first woman and only the twentieth person to complete the Barkley Marathons in Tennessee, one of the world's hardest ultramarathons, she finished the course with one minute and thirty-nine seconds to spare.

 

 

Reference

https://www.onthisday.com/

It happened on this day - March 21st

On this day in the year 1413 of the common era (CE), Henry of Monmouth the prince of Wales, becomes king Henry V of England and France. Upon his invasion of France, at the battle of Harfleur, his army used gunpowder for the first time in a European engagement. He famously defeated the entire French host at the battle of Agincourt shortly thereafter, and was subsequently crowned by the former king himself, he married the former king’s daughter, had the former crown prince of publicly executed. After all-of-that, Henry died of dysentery while besieging a Burgundian castle of renegades and holdouts, leaving his infant child on the throne and precipitating the Hundred Years War; one hundred and ninety-seven years later, king James I of England and the sixth king James of Scotland addresses the English House of Commons. Seventy-eight years after that, in 1681 CE, the third “Exclusion Parliament” meets in Oxford; it is the last time Parliament meets outside Westminster. One hundred and seven years after that, in 1788 CE, Olaudah Equiano (also known as Gustavus Vassa), a freed slave, petitions king George III  of England and queen Charlotte to free the enslaved Africans being held in bonds in the Colonies…and in all places where the crown holds sway; thirty-three years, the merger of the Hudson Bay Company and the North West Company creates a monopoly on the fur trade in British North America.

On this day in the year 1791 CE, Captain Hopley Yeaton becomes the first commissioned officer in the Revenue Marine, later the Revenue Cutter Service, which was the forerunner of the modern United States (U.S.) Coast Guard.

On this day in 1804 CE the Napoleonic Code is adopted in France, stressing the need for clearly written and accessible laws to govern the republic of France. 1899 British & French accord over West Africa.

In 1844 CE the Baha'i Era-Baha'i calendar begins (Baha 1, 1); this is also the day originally predicted by William Miller of Massachusetts for the return of Christ and the end of the world; his movement was known as Millerism, and it gave rise to various other Adventist groups including the well-known Seventh Day Adventists. Eighty-one years after that, in 1925 CE, Persia adopts Khorshidi solar Hijri calendar; ten years later Persia is officially renamed Iran.

In 1859 CE the Scottish National Gallery opens in Edinburgh, Scotland; on this same day the Zoological Society of Philadelphia is incorporated in the United States.

In 1871 CE, Otto von Bismarck elevated to rank of fürst (prince), and the long shadow of German darkness that afflicted the world at the end of the nineteenth through the middle of the twentieth century begin to spread its malign influence over the world…with deadly consequences still reverberating throughout the global-community today.

In 1907 CE the United States sends troops to Honduras to halt the Nicaraguan army from  taking over the country; thirty years later, in an event known as the Ponce massacre, police kill nineteen people attending a Puerto Rican Nationalist parade.

In 1909 CE Moran & MacFarland, competing for the United States in Germany, win Europe's first, six-day bicycle race.

In 1917 CE, Loretta Walsh becomes U.S. Navy's first female Petty Officer.

In 1923 CE the U.S. foreign minister Charles Hughes refuses to recognize the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (U.S.S.R.).

In 1924 CE, Mass Investors Trust becomes the first mutual fund set up in the United States.

In 1925 CE, Tennessee governor Austin Peay passes the "Butler Act," making Tennessee the first state to outlaw teaching evolutionary biology…this misguided legislation was repealed in 1967.

In 1933 CE Nazi Germany celebrates the Day of Potsdam, a ceremony to open the new Reichstag after the fire they themselves set in a false flag operation the previous February; Adolf Hitler and Paul von Hindenburg shake hands in public, lending legitimacy to the terrorist reich; six years later, Nazi Germany demands the return of Gdańsk from Poland. Four years after that, in 1943 CE, an assassination attempt on Adolf Hitler fails and he would go on to wreak further Havoc on the world, killing millions more people, and further obliterating the flower of his own country’s youth; two years later, the first Japanese pilots, dubbed Kkamikaze’s (meaning the divine wind) or "flying bombs" by the American Navy, attack the U.S. fleet at Okinawa. On this same day in 1945 CE, allied bombers begin a four day raid over Germany, while a Dutch resistance fighter named Hannie Schaft is arrested by Nazi police.

In 1946 CE the United Nations (U.N.) set up temporary headquarters at Hunter (now Lehman) College in the Bronx; one year later, U.S. president Harry Truman signs Executive Order 9835 requiring all federal employees to have "complete and unswerving loyalty to the United States…" not to him personally, but to the United States of America, the Constitution and the American People. Six years after that, in 1951 CE, there are 2,900,000 U.S. soldiers in Korea in support of the U.N. police action there (the Korean War); four years later Archbishop Makarios of Cyprus advocates for Cyprus to join Greece; seventeen years later, the Portuguese socialist Mário Soares is banished to Sao Tomé after having been arrested by secret police under dictator António de Oliveira Salazar. Twenty-six years after that, in 1994 CE, the U.N. Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) enters into force after being ratified by the required number of nations; twenty years later, the Russian Federation formally annexes Crimea amid international condemnation.

In 1952 CE, twenty-thousand people attempt to attend the first-ever Rock & Roll concert when Alan Freed presents "The Moondog Coronation Ball" at the old, twelve-thousand seat Cleveland Arena. The performers include Paul Williams and the Hucklebuckers, Tiny Grimes and the Rocking Highlanders, The Dominoes and Varetta Dillard.

In 1955 CE the editorial staff of the Brooklyn Bulletin ask Dodger’s fans not to call their team "Bums;" thirteen years later, the "Royals" is the chosen name of new Kansas City American League franchise. Ten years after that, in 1978 CE Padres fire Al Dark, who becomes only the second manager fired during spring training; forty-one years later, baseball right fielder Ichiro Suzuki finishes his Major League career as the Seattle Mariners beat the Oakland A's, 5-4 in Tokyo, Japan. Four years after that, in 2023 CE, at the fifth World Baseball Classic, Japan wins for their third time, with a 3-2 victory over the United States at LoanDepot Park in Miami, Florida.

In 1958 CE, Dr. Ernest Lawrence, nuclear scientist and Nobel Laureate, receives the first West Point Sylvanus Thayer Award, for an outstanding US citizen whose service in the national interest exemplifies devotion to ideals of the West Point motto: "Duty, Honor, Country;" also on this day, the U.S.S.R. performs atmospheric nuclear test. Eleven years after that the U.S. performs nuclear test at Nevada Test Site.

In 1962 CE the Roman Catholic bishop of Thasus, and Hertogenbosch (Bois-le-Duc) in the Netherlands, Wilhelmus Marinus Beckers declares himself in favor of birth control; on this same day, “Yogi the Bear” becomes the first creature ejected at supersonic speeds by the U.S. military during field tests of ejection seats…he survived the ordeal, but not the research that followed.

In 1963 CE the Alcatraz Federal Penitentiary in San Francisco Bay is closed.

In 1964 CE the Beatles' single, She Loves You goes to number one in the United States and stays there for two weeks; twenty years later, part of Central Park in New York City is named "Strawberry Fields" in honor of John Lennon.

In 1965 CE, the reverend doctor Martin Luther King Jr. begins the march from Selma to Montgomery, Alabama; seven years later, the U.S. Supreme Court rules that States cannot have a one year residency requirement to vote.

In 1965 CE the U.S. Ranger 9 is launched; it takes 5,814 leading up to its lunar impact; thirty-four years later Swiss aviator Bertrand Piccard and British aviator Brian Jones become the first to circumnavigate the Earth in a hot air balloon. Fourteen after that, in 2013 CE, European Space Agency reveals new data indicating that the universe is 13.82 billion years old…as far as they can see.

1973 White House Counsel John Dean tells US President Richard Nixon, "There is a cancer growing on the Presidency"

In 1975 CE, Ethiopia abolishes its monarchy after more than three thousand years…there were kings and queens in Ethiopia before Perseus and Danae were cast into the seas of Argos, Perseus freed Andromeda, the princess of Ethiopia from Kraken, he married her and their progeny founded empires, whose heirs set them among the stars.

In 1978 CE the city of San Francisco, California passes the most comprehensive homosexual rights bill in U.S. history.

In 1980 CE, the season finale of the Television show Dallas, ends in a dramatic cliffhanger when the villain J.R. Ewing is shot by unknown assailant.

In 1984 CE a Soviet submarine crashes into U.S. aircraft carrier, the Kitty Hawk off the coast of Japan; in 1991 CE, twenty-seven crew members are lost at sea when two U.S. Navy anti-submarine planes collide while on maneuvers

In 1990 CE, Normal Life starring Max Gail, Moon Unit and Dweezil Zappa premieres on CBS-TV; sixteen years later, the first ever “tweet” is sent out by Twitter founder Jack Dorsey: "just setting up my twttr…" Twelve years after that, in 2018 CE, China announces greater controls over the media, including merging state-run radio and television broadcasters into a single conglomerate called “Voice of China;” on this same day, Facebook's Mark Zuckerberg admits they "made mistakes" after data on fifty-million users is harvested by Cambridge Analytica. Six years after that, in 2024 CE, Elon Musk's Neuralink company posts a video of a patient playing chess online using a brain implant; on this same day, the Social media company Reddit makes it's debut on the New York Stock Exchange, with shares rising forty-eight percent.

In 1993 CE, pope John Paul II beatifies Duns Scotus, a philosopher-theologian of the Middle Ages.

In 2020 CE, Italy records record daily death toll of seven hundred and ninety-three for COVID-19, as the worldwide death tolls surpasses twelve thousand with two hundred and ninety-nine thousand known infections.

In 2023 CE the Ugandan government passes an Anti-Homosexuality Bill, that includes punishment of ten years in prison for publicly identifying as LGBTQ+.

 

 

Reference

https://www.onthisday.com/

It happened on March 20th

On this day in the year 141 of the common era (CE) the 6th recorded perihelion passage of Halley's Comet is made.

On this day in the year 1345 CE, it is determined by a bunch of leading nincompoops at the University of Paris, that the conjunction of Mars, Jupiter and Saturn, was the "cause of the plague epidemic" known as the Black Death; the actual cause was the bacterium yersinia pestis, spread by fleas, carried by rats and other animals; one hundred and sixty-five years later, the Holy Roman emperor, Charles V, orders all Lutheran books in the Low Countries to be "reduced to ash." Twenty-five years after that, in 1525 CE, the Parliament of Paris begins persecuting protestants; seventy-five years later, the Linköping Bloodbath takes place on Maundy Thursday in Linköping, Sweden; three hundred and ninety-five years after that, in 1995 CE, members of the Japanese cult Aum Shinrikyo release sarin gas on three lines of the Tokyo subway, killing thirteen people, injuring over one thousand; five years later, pope John Paul II visits the “Holy Land:” Jordan, Israel and Palestine.

On this day in 1598 CE the governor of Brittany, Philippe Emmanuel the Duke of Mercœur submits to the French king Henry IV at Angers; four years later, the United Dutch East Indian Company (VOC) is formed and granted a monopoly on all Dutch sea-borne trade with Asia. Fourteen years after that, in 1616 CE, Walter Raleigh is released from the Tower of London and given to seek gold in Guiana; one hundred and twenty-three years later, the Iranian ruler Nadir Shah occupies Delhi in India, his forces sack the city, and he takes away the jewels of the Peacock Throne. Seventy-two years after that, in 1814 CE, prince Willem Frederik becomes monarch of Netherlands; one year later Napoleon Bonaparte enters Paris after his escape from Elba and begins his one-hundred-day rule. Sixty-eight years after that, in 1883 CE, the Unity treaty of Paris is signed, protecting industrial property.

In 1773 CE the Sons of Liberty protesters throw tea shipments into Boston Harbor to protest the British-imposed Tea Act, escalating the grievance of the American colonists over the issue of taxation without representation.

In 1800 CE, Alessandro Volta reports his discovery of the electric battery in a letter to Joseph Banks, president of the Royal Society of London; eighty-three years later, Jan Matzeliger receives his first patent (number 274,207) for a shoe lasting machine, which mechanized shoe production.

In 1816 CE the United States (U.S.) Supreme Court affirms its right to review state court decisions; one hundred and fifty-two years later, U.S. president Lydon B. Johnson signs a bill removing gold backing from paper currency…opening the spigot on an endless cycle of debt. Sixteen years after that, in 1984 CE, U.S. Senate rejects amendment to permit spoken prayer in public schools.

In 1852 CE, Harriet Beecher Stowe's anti-slavery novel Uncle Tom's Cabin, is published in Boston; two years later, anti-slavery activists within the U.S. Whig political party, opposed to the Kansas-Nebraska Act, form a new Republican Party in Ripon, Wisconsin; notable politicians who switched allegiance include Abraham Lincoln, Rutherford B. Hayes, Chester A. Arthur, and Benjamin Harrison.

In 1854 CE, the Boston Public Library opens in Boston, Massachusetts, it is the first-large, free municipal library in the United States; thirty-four years later, the Jesse James Gang robs a bank in Russellville, Kentucky, stealing fourteen thousand dollars. Twenty-two years after that, in 1890 CE, the General Federation of Women's Clubs is founded in the United States; seven years later, the first Orthodox Jewish Rabbinical seminary (RIETS) in the United States, incorporates in New York. Fourteen years after that, in 1911 CE, and also in New York, the National Squash Tennis Association forms; forty-three years later, the first newspaper vending machine is used in Columbia, Pennsylvania. Eleven years after that, in 1965 CE, civil and women's rights activist, Dorothy Height has her first column published in the weekly African-American newspaper called the New York Amsterdam News; eleven years later, American publishing heiress, Patty Hearst, is convicted of armed robbery for her part in a 1974 California heist. Forty-three years after that, in 2019 CE, the Walt Disney Company acquires Rupert Murdoch's 21st Century Fox for seventy-one billion dollars.

In 1861 CE, an earthquake completely destroys Mendoza, Argentina.

In 1886 CE, the first AC power plant in the U.S. begins commercial operation in Massachusetts.

In 1888 CE the premiere of the very first Romani language operetta is staged in Moscow, Russia; sixty years later, the first live-televised symphony performances take place, Eugene Ormandy leads Philadelphia Orchestra on CBS, followed 90 minutes later by Arturo Toscanini leading the NBC Orchestra on NBC. Thirty-four years after that, in 1982 CE, Joan Jett & Blackhearts' single, I Love Rock 'n' Roll, goes to number one and stays there for seven weeks; thirteen years later, the Beatles release the single, a cover of the Shirelles song, Baby It's You (written by Burt Bacharach and Mack David), with the late John Lennon as lead singer…it is the first Fab-Four single released in ten years.

In 1896 CE the U.S. Marines land in Nicaragua, ostensibly for the protection U.S. citizens; eighty-four years later, in 1980 CE, the United States appeals to the International Court for help with the American hostages being held in Iran. Twenty-three years after that, in 2003 CE, a U.S. led coalition launches a ground invasion of Iraq after an ultimatum for Saddam Hussein and his sons to leave Iraq expires.

In 1917 CE, after the sinking of three (more) American merchant ships, U.S. president Woodrow Wilson meets with cabinet, who agree that war with Germany is inevitable.

In 1920 CE the flight from London to South Africa lands…the flight took six weeks; two years later, the United States Ship Langley, is commissioned, it is the U.S. Navy's first aircraft carrier. Two years after that, in 1924 CE, Finnair begins scheduled flights between Helsinki and Tallinn; forty years later, the European Space Research Organization (ESRO) is established.

In 1923 CE the Bavarian minister of interior refuses to forbid Nazi Sturm Abteilung…it was a mistake; on this same day, the Belgian Senate rejects the Dutch University in Ghent. Eight years after that, in 1931 CE, Bishop Schreiber warns against national-socialism in Berlin; three years later, Rudolf Kuhnold demonstrates radar in Kiel, Germany. Seven years after that, in 1941 CE, an exhibition  of "Planning and Construction in the East" opens in Berlin to showcase the “Generalplan Ost” (plan for the East), the expansion of German rural settlements after the planned deportation of millions of Slavs; also on this day, the Nazi German-Yugoslav pact drawn.

In 1930 CE the American fast food restaurant chain Kentucky Fried Chicken (KFC) is founded as Sanders Court & Café by Colonel Harland Sanders in North Corbin, Kentucky; eighty-three years later; marks the first celebration of the International Day of Happiness.

In 1934 CE the American all-round female super athlete Babe Didrikson Zaharias pitches a hitless inning for Philadelphia A's in their exhibition pre-season baseball game against Brooklyn Dodgers; thirty-seven years later, the Pittsburgh Pirates right fielder Roberto Clemente is elected to Baseball's Hall of Fame 11 weeks after his death in a plane crash. Eighteen years after that, in 1989 CE, Major League Baseball (MLB) announces that Cincinnati Reds manager Pete Rose is under investigation; seventeen years later, Japan wins the Inaugural World Baseball Classic, 10-6 over Cuba, at Petco Park in San Diego, California.

In 1942 CE, general Douglas MacArthur vows "I came through and I shall return," after escaping the Japanese-occupied Philippines; three years later, the U.S. 70th Infantry Division captures Saarbrucken, immediately prior to the invasion of Germany by the Western Allies. Seven years after that, in 1952 CE, the final ratification of the peace treaty restoring sovereignty to Japan is enacted by United States Senate.

In 1956 CE the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics performs nuclear test; twenty-six years later, France performs nuclear test.

In 1957 CE, Britain accepts the North Atlantic Treaty Organization’s (N.A.T.O.’s) offer to mediate in Cyprus…, but Greece rejects it; one year later, the Clandestine Burasi Bizim Radio begins transmitting the communist “Voice of Truth” in Greece. Nineteen years after that, in 1977 CE, communists and socialists win French municipal elections.

In 1963 CE the first "Pop Art" exhibition takes place in New York, New York.

In 1971 CE the Northern Ireland prime minister, James Chichester-Clark resigns in protest at what he views as a limited security response by the British government; one years later the Provisional Irish Republican Army (PIRA) detonate its first car bomb on Donegall Street in Belfast; four civilians, two RUC officers and a UDR soldier are killed, while one hundred and forty-eight people were wounded. Twenty-one years after that, in 1993 CE, an Irish Republican Army (IRA) bomb kills a three-year-old in Warrington, England.

In 1985 CE, Libby Riddles becomes the first woman to win the Iditarod Trail Dog Sled Race

In 1986 CE, New York City passes its first lesbian and gay rights legislation.

In 1990 CE the Los Angeles Lakers retire Kareem Abdul-Jabbar's #33 Jersey.

In 1994 CE the Zulu-king Goodwill Zwelithini founds realm in South Africa.

In 1995 CE the Dow Jones Industrial Average hits record 4083.68; today in 2026 CE, the Dow Jones is 46,124.06.

In 1996 CE the United Kingdom admits that humans can catch Mad Cow Disease (CJD), one year later, the U.S. tobacco company Liggett admits that cigarettes are addictive.

In 2016 CE Barack Obama becomes the first U.S. President to visit Cuba since 1928, arriving for a three-day tour with First Lady Michelle.

In 2019 CE, Finland is named the world's happiest country, while South Sudan is world's least happy, according to annual World Happiness Report.

In 2021 CE, Japan announces that overseas spectators will not be allowed to attend the Tokyo Summer Olympics due to the pandemic COVID-19 pandemic.

In 2022 CE Intense fighting in Ukrainian city of Mariupol continues as Russian forces encircle the city, trapping three-hundred-thousand people within its boundaries.

In 2023 CE the U.N.'s Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change says world has less than a decade to stop catastrophic warming, that we must reduce greenhouse gases by half, by 2030, and cease adding carbon dioxide to the atmosphere by the early 2050’s.

In 2024 CE, French mathematician Michel Talagrand is awarded the Abel prize for his work on probability theory and describing randomness, on this same day, Vaughan Gething is confirmed as Wales' new first-minister, becoming the first Black leader of a national government in Europe.

In 2025 CE, former swimmer Kirsty Coventry of Zimbabwe, is the first woman and the first African to be elected president of the International Olympic Committee.

 

Reference

https://www.onthisday.com/

On This Day - March 19th

On this day in the year 1077 of the common era (CE) the Norman monk Gundulf is anointed as the Bishop of Rochester, and who goes on to build Rochester Castle and the White Tower (the Tower of London) as engineer to William the Conqueror.

On this day in the year 1279 CE the Mongolian victory at the naval Battle of Yamen ends the Song Dynasty in China; five hundred and sixty-five years later, two hundred members of the Peking imperial family and court commit suicide out of loyalty to the last Ming Emperor, Chongzhen. Six hundred and three years after that, in 1947 CE, Chinese Nationalist General Chiang Kai-shek conquers Jinan.

On this day in 1452 CE, Frederick III of Hapsburg is crowned holy-roman-emperor by pope Nicholas V at St. Peter's Basilica in Rome…he is the last roman emperor to be crowned in Rome; eighty-eight years later, a Court in Holland names Amsterdam sheriff John Hubrechtsz a "heretic." Twenty-three years after that, in 1563 CE, the Peace of Amboise is enacted, granting rights to Huguenots; one hundred and nineteen years after that, an assembly of the French clergy issues a declaration stating, among other things, that the power of the King is not subject to papal authority. Three hundred and five years after that, in 1987 CE, American televangelist Jim Bakker resigns as head of the Praise the Lord (People that Love) television network amid rape accusations made by his secretary, Jessica Hahn; these events ended his marriage to Tammy Faye Bakker, but not his career as a swindler. Jessica Hahn went on to pose nude for Playboy Magazine.

In 1687 CE, Explorer René-Robert Cavelier, Sieur de La Salle, while searching for the mouth of the Mississippi River, is murdered by his own men in Texas. After missing the river's mouth and being stranded in Matagorda Bay, he attempted to lead a group north to find it which ended in mutiny near the Trinity River, where he was shot by one of his followers; fifty-three years later, British Parliament passes the Plantation Act, naturalizing foreign Protestants and others residing for seven years or more in any of Britain's American colonies. Seventy-two years after that, in 1812 CE, the first Spanish constitution is enacted.

In 1863 CE the Confederate cruiser Georgiana is destroyed on her maiden voyage with a cargo of munitions and medicines valued at over one million dollars; three years later the immigrant ship Monarch of the Seas, Bound for Boston, catches fire and sinks  off Colwyn Bay shortly after leaving Liverpool, one hundred and seventy-eight people die, Ninety-nine years after, in 1965 CE, the wreck of the Georgiana, valued at over $50,000,000 and said to be the most powerful cruiser in the treasonous Confederate fleet, is discovered exactly one hundred and two years after it sank.

In 1885 CE the Canadian revolutionary Louis Riel returns to Canada after his exile in St. Paul Minnesota, and proclaims a provisional government in Saskatchewan; fifty-eight years later, Frank Nitti, the Chicago Outfit Boss after Al Capone, is killed by Treasury Agent Elliot Ness of the Untouchables at the Chicago Central Railyard, his death was ruled a suicide.

In 1895 CE the Los Angeles Railway is established to provide streetcar service; ninety-nine years later, two thousand, five hundred kilograms of cocaine are intercepted in Zeewolde, Netherlands.

In 1911 CE the first International Women's Day sees over one million men and women attend rallies in Austria, Denmark, Germany and Switzerland. The issues discussed included women's right to vote and to hold public office, the right to work, to vocational training and an end to discrimination on the job…we are still working on those things world-wide, let the struggle continue; one hundred and eight years later, American Karen Uhlenbeck becomes the first woman to win Abel Prize in mathematics. Two years after, in 2021 CE, the vice-president of Tanzania, Samia Suluhu Hassan (age 61) becomes the country's first female chief executive after the death of John Magufuli.

In 1915 CE, planetesimal-Pluto is photographed for the first time, although the astronomers were unaware of it at the time, the existence of the planetoid was discovered upon examination of the slides; forty-three years later, Britain's first planetarium opens at Madame Tussaud's, London. Fifty years after that, in 2008 CE, the brief appearance of GRB 080319B is marked by witnesses, a cosmic burst marking the farthest object visible to the naked eye; eleven years later, after a high rainfall, a "Superbloom" of poppies in Walker Canyon, California becomes visible from space. Six years after that, in 2025 CE, new data on dark energy from the DESI telescope further upends scientific belief that the universe is constantly expanding; instead the results show that the expansion has weakened over the last 4.5 million years.

In 1917 CE the United States (U.S.) Supreme Court up holds the constitutionality of the eight-hour-work-day for railroad employees; one year later, the U.S. adopts the Standard Time Act of 1918, also known as the Calder Act, a federal law implementing standard time (and daylight saving time) while in the same stroke, defining five time zones for the United States. Two years after that, in 1920 CE, the U.S. Senate rejects the Treaty of Versailles for the second time, refusing to ratify the League of Nations' covenant, and maintaining a policy of isolation; fifty-nine years later, the U.S. House of Representatives begins live television broadcasts via C-SPAN.

In 1919 CE the literary magazine Littérature, edited by André Breton, Philippe Soupault, and Louis Aragon publishes its first issue; sixty-six years later, Spin Magazine begins publishing

In 1921 CE a group of Italian Fascists shoot from the Parenzana train at a group of children in Strunjan (Slovenia). Two children are killed, two mangled and three wounded; six years later bloody battles take place on the streets of Berlin between communists & Nazis. Thirteen years after that, in 1940 CE, a British air raid on the German base at Sylt fails on the same day the French government of Édouard Daladier falls; two years later, United States president Franklin D. Roosevelt orders men between forty-five and sixty-four register for non-military duty. Three years after that, in 1945 CE, the British 36th Division takes the ruby min at Mogok, on this same day, U.S. Task Force 58 attacks ships near Kobe/Kure, and Adolf Hitler issues the "Nero Decree" ordering the destruction of all German factories.

In 1925 CE Angelo Giuseppe Roncalli is anointed as a bishop of the church and appointed as the Apostolic Visitor to Bulgaria, later he becomes pope-saint John XXIII, and convenes the Second Vatican Council; twelve years after his appointment to the bishopric, pope Pius XI publishes encyclical against communism, Divini Redemptoris.

In 1943 CE, Jake LaMotta finally defeats Jimmy Reeves by knocking him out in the sixth round at the Olympia Stadium in Detroit, Michigan; it is their third match. Five years later, Lee Savold knocks-out Gino Buonvino in fifty-four seconds at Madison Square Garden, in New York, New York; nine years after that, in 1954 CE, again at Madison Square Garden, the first color telecast of a prize fight takes place: Giardello vs. Troy.

In 1949 CE, the first museum devoted exclusively to atomic energy open in Oak Ridge, Tennessee; twenty-eight years later, France performs nuclear test at Mururoa Atoll. One year after that, in 1978 CE, fifty-thousand people in Amsterdam demonstrate against the neutron bomb; seven years later, the U.S. Senate votes 55-45 to authorize production of the MX "Peacekeeper" intercontinental ballistic missile.

In 1953 CE at the Twenty-fifth Academy Awards, The Greatest Show on Earth, starring Gary Cooper and Shirley Booth wins Best Picture; my mother who was living in St. Augustine, Florida at the time, appeared as an extra in the films cast of thousands. It is the first time the Academy Awards are televised.

In 1962 CE, Columbia Records releases the self-titled debut album of American folk singer Bob Dylan, the quickly recorded collection of mostly cover-tunes (only two original songs) is largely ignored; fifteen years later, the last episode of The Mary Tyler Moore Show premieres on CBS.

In 1970 CE, West German chancellor Willy Brandt and East German premier Willi Stoph meet in Erfurt, East Germany, for the first time since the division of Germany in 1949 CE.

In 1982 CE, Argentinian forces land on South Georgia Island, in the Falklands, precipitating war with the United Kingdom; six years later, two British Army corporals are attacked during a funeral procession, beaten and shot dead by the Provisional Irish Republican Army in Belfast, North Ireland. Four years after that, in 1992 CE, the man formerly known as Britain's prince Andrew and his wife Sarah, the former duchess of York, announce their separation.

In 1991 CE the National Football League owners strip Phoenix of the 1993 Super Bowl, because Arizona does not recognize the federal holiday in honor of the reverend doctor Martin Luther King Jr..

In 1995 CE the Social Democratic Party wins parliamentary elections in Finland; on this day nine years later, Finland is ranked the happiest country in the world by the United Nations, for the seventh year in a row (Afghanistan is the least happy place on Earth); they win the rankings again in 2025 and 2026 CE.

In 1995 CE in the NBA, the New York Knickerbockers beat the New York Nets in their one hundredth meeting; the score: Knicks 53, Nets 47.

In 2002 CE during the U.S. invasion of Afghanistan, Operation Anaconda, which began on March 2, comes to an end after the killing of five-hundred Taliban and al Qaeda fighters with eleven killed among the allied forces; one year later, airstrikes by an American and British-led coalition signal the beginning of the invasion of Iraq, which takes place without United Nations support and in defiance of world opinion.

In 2014 CE the Russian Federation captures the Ukrainian naval base in Sevastopol.

In 2018 the State of Mississippi enacts a fifteen-week abortion ban.

In 2020 CE the Italian death toll from COVID-19 is at 3,405 surpassing China's official total of 3,245 making it then the worst-affected country in the world on this day when professional football in England is further postponed until “no earlier than 30 April” due to the COVID-19 pandemic; also on this day the State of California reports a total nine hundred and ten cases of COVID-19. The State goes into lockdown and orders people to "stay at home."